Bill Text: NH SB193 | 2018 | Regular Session | Amended

New Hampshire Senate Bill 193 (Prior Session Legislation)

Bill Title: Establishing education freedom savings accounts for students.

Spectrum: Partisan Bill (Republican 2-0)

Status: (Engrossed - Dead) 2018-09-20 - Division II Work Session: 10/17/2018 01:00 PM Legislative Office Building209 [SB193 Detail]

Download: New_Hampshire-2018-SB193-Amended.html

SB 193-FN - AS AMENDED BY THE HOUSE

02/23/2017 0500s

3Jan2018... 2530h

2017 SESSION

17-0912

04/05

SENATE BILL 193-FN

AN ACT establishing education freedom savings accounts for students.

SPONSORS: Sen. Reagan, Dist 17; Rep. Pitre, Straf. 2

COMMITTEE: Education

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AMENDED ANALYSIS

This bill establishes education freedom savings accounts for children between 5 and 20 years of age and provides stabilization grants to certain school districts. The program is repealed effective July 1, 2023.

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Explanation: Matter added to current law appears in bold italics.

Matter removed from current law appears [in brackets and struckthrough.]

Matter which is either (a) all new or (b) repealed and reenacted appears in regular type.

02/23/2017 0500s

3Jan2018... 2530h 17-0912

04/05

STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE

In the Year of Our Lord Two Thousand Seventeen

AN ACT establishing education freedom savings accounts for students.

Be it Enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court convened:

1 New Chapter; Education Freedom Savings Accounts. Amend RSA by inserting after chapter 194-D the following new chapter:

CHAPTER 194-E

EDUCATION FREEDOM SAVINGS ACCOUNTS

194-E:1 Definitions. In this chapter:

I. “Account” means an education freedom savings account established for an eligible student pursuant to this chapter.

II. "Commissioner" means the commissioner of the department of education.

III. “Department” means the department of education.

IV. “Eligible student” means a New Hampshire resident who is at least 5 years of age and not more than 20 years of age, who has not graduated from high school, and

(a)(1) Who is currently attending a New Hampshire public school, including a chartered public school, for a minimum of one year; or

(2) Who received an account in the prior year; or

(3) Who is entering kindergarten or first grade; and

(b)(1) Whose annual household income is less than or equal to 300 percent of the federal poverty guidelines as updated annually in the Federal Register by the United States Department of Health and Human Services under the authority of 42 U.S.C. section 9902(2); or

(2) Who is assigned to a school that for 2 consecutive years has been unable to demonstrate that it provides the opportunity for an adequate education pursuant to RSA 193-E:3-b; or

(3) Who has an individualized education program (IEP) or an accommodation plan under section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973; or

(4) Who applied and was not admitted to a chartered public school or whose application for an education tax credit scholarship pursuant to RSA 77-G was not funded.

V. "Nonpublic school'' shall mean any public academy pursuant to RSA 194:23, II, or private school accredited through a recognized independent accreditation agency, school approved by a state education agency having an interstate compact with New Hampshire, or other school located in New Hampshire approved for school attendance pursuant to RSA 193:1, I(a) and (d). A nonpublic school shall:

(a) Comply with statutes and regulations relating to agency approvals such as health, fire safety, and sanitation;

(b) Be incorporated under the laws of New Hampshire or the United States; and

(c) Administer an annual assessment in reading and language arts, mathematics, and science. The assessment may be any nationally recognized standardized assessment used to measure student academic achievement, shall be aligned to the school's academic standards, and shall satisfy the requirements of RSA 193-C:6. The school’s annual assessment results shall be submitted to the commissioner.

VI. “Parent” means the natural or adoptive parent or legal guardian of an eligible student.

VII. “Postsecondary institution” means an institution, a college, university, or career school approved by the department.

VIII. “Program” means the education savings account program established in this chapter that will begin in the 2018-2019 school year.

IX. "Recognized independent accreditation agency" means an accrediting organization such as the New England Association of Schools and Colleges, National Association of Independent Schools, Independent Schools Association of Northern New England, Northern New England Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, Inc., or other accrediting agency recognized by the department that engages member schools in a comprehensive peer review accreditation process that provides assurance of quality academic standards and criteria, and measures academic improvement.

X. “Resident school district” means the public school district in which the eligible student resides.

XI. "Scholarship organization'' means a charitable organization incorporated or qualified to do business in this state that:

(a) Is exempt from federal income taxation pursuant to section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code;

(b) Complies with applicable state and federal anti-discrimination and privacy laws;

(d) Has been approved by the department of revenue administration for the purpose of issuing scholarships pursuant to RSA 77-G:5.

XII. "Treasurer" means the treasurer of the state of New Hampshire.

XIII. "Tutor" means an individual whose qualifications include skills, competencies, and knowledge to be demonstrated by evidence such as, but not limited to, college course work, documented professional experience, letters of recommendation, professional development hours or CSU's and artifacts of professional practice.

194-E:2 Program Eligibility.

I. There is established an education freedom savings account program. The program shall include grades K-12.

(a) The parent of an eligible student may receive a grant from a scholarship organization if the parent signs a contract with the scholarship organization to withdraw the student from public school and in which the parent agrees to provide an education for the eligible student in science, mathematics, language, government, history, health, reading, writing, spelling, the history of the constitutions of New Hampshire and the United States, and an exposure to and appreciation of art and music. Students who have an education freedom savings account grant shall be administered an annual assessment in reading and language arts, mathematics, and science as defined in RSA 193-C:6. Annual student assessment results shall be provided to the scholarship organization by the end of each school year and the scholarship organization shall make aggregate scores available to the commissioner. The assessment may be any nationally recognized standardized assessment used to measure student academic achievement and growth and that provides a normal curve equivalent score. A student who requests permission to take the annual assessment at his or her resident school district shall be granted permission to do so and the resident school district shall pay the costs associated with taking the assessment.

(b) Participation in the program shall have the same effect as a parental placement of their child under 20 U.S.C. section 1412(a)(10) of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).

II. The parent of an eligible student who signs a contract with a scholarship organization agrees to use the funds deposited in an eligible student's account for any of the following qualifying educational expenses:

(a) Tuition for course fees at any public school, nonpublic school as defined in RSA 194-E:1,V, or post-secondary institution as defined in RSA 194-E:1,VII.

(b) Textbooks, curriculum, or supplemental materials, including computer hardware and software required to support the curriculum.

(d) Fees for transportation to and from an educational service provider paid to a fee-for service transportation provider, except for special needs individualized education program (IEP) designated student transportation, not to exceed $750 per school year.

(e) Tuition and fees for online learning programs and professional preparatory programs.

(f) Educational services or therapies from a licensed or certified practitioner or provider, including licensed or certified paraprofessionals or educational aides.

(g) Assistive devices if an eligible school, tutor, licensed or certified educational service practitioner or provider, or licensed medical professional verifies in writing that these items are essential for the student to meet annual, measurable goals.

(h) Fees for a nationally standardized norm-referenced achievement test, advanced placement examination, or any department approved exam such as, but not limited to, the SAT or ACT related to college post-secondary institution admission.

III. The parent of an eligible student, the scholarship organization and the department shall be provided copies of all signed agreements.

IV. The parent of an eligible student shall be required to annually renew the agreement to continue participation in the program.

V. Eligible students participating in the program may participate in curricular courses and co-curricular courses and programs pursuant to RSA 193:1-c. Students in the special school district within the department of corrections established in RSA 194:60 shall not be eligible students.

VI. An agreement shall be automatically terminated if the eligible student no longer resides in this state or returns to public school. Any funds remaining in the account shall be returned to the state treasury.

VII. The failure to enter into an agreement pursuant to this chapter for any school year for which an eligible student is required to attend a public school shall not preclude the parent of such student from entering into an agreement for a subsequent school year.

VIII.(a) The parent shall maintain accountability and responsibility for the education of their eligible student. Each provider, in consultation with students’ parents or legal guardians and students where age-appropriate, shall establish academic growth goals for the student at the outset of each academic year and shall regularly measure students’ academic growth throughout the school year. In measuring each student’s progress toward achieving those goals throughout the school year, the provider may use a variety of assessment tools and participating students shall take either the statewide assessment test or a nationally norm-referenced test that measures learning gains.

(b) Upon receiving assessment results for 2 consecutive years that identify a student as not making satisfactory academic growth, the scholarship organization shall work with the parent and service providers to develop and implement an appropriate intervention plan. The intervention plan shall include a process for monitoring student growth and progress. The scholarship organization shall also review the use of education freedom savings account funds to ensure expenses best address the student’s academic growth.

IX. The parent shall provide the scholarship organization with an annual educational evaluation that includes annual assessment results from either a nationally standardized norm- referenced achievement test, the statewide student assessment test, or other valid measurement tool mutually agreed upon by the parent and the commissioner, resident school district superintendent, or nonpublic school principal that documents the student's demonstration of educational progress at a level commensurate with the student's age and ability. The student shall be deemed to have successfully completed his or her annual evaluation upon meeting the following requirements:

(a) A certified teacher or a teacher currently teaching in a nonpublic school, who is selected by the parent, shall evaluate the student's educational progress upon review of a portfolio of records and materials including, but not limited to, a log which designates by title the reading materials used; samples of writings, worksheets, workbooks, or creative materials used or developed by the student; and discussion with the parent or student; and

(b) The student shall take any nationally standardized norm-referenced achievement test designed to measure student academic achievement and growth that complies with RSA 194-E:2, I(a), administered by a person who meets the qualifications established by the provider or publisher of the test. Composite results at or above the fortieth percentile or growth in academic skills on such tests shall be deemed reasonable academic proficiency or satisfactory growth; or

(c) The student shall take a state student assessment test used by the resident school district. Composite results at or above the fortieth percentile or a normal curve equivalent score showing progress in academic skills as reflected on such state test shall be deemed reasonable academic proficiency or satisfactory academic learning growth; or

(d) The student shall be evaluated using any other valid measurement tool mutually agreed upon by the parent and the commissioner of education, resident district superintendent, or nonpublic school principal.

X. The parent shall maintain a copy of the evaluation.

194-E:3 Program Funding and Payment.

I. The scholarship organization shall notify the commissioner and the treasurer in writing of any eligible student whose parents have signed an agreement under RSA 194-E:2.

II. The commissioner shall calculate and the treasurer shall transfer to the scholarship organization an amount equivalent to 95 percent of the per pupil adequate education grant amount pursuant to RSA 198:40-a plus any differentiated aid for which the student is eligible, for deposit into the student's account. Differentiated aid for non-proficiency in third grade reading shall not be included in the amount determination.

III. The commissioner shall calculate and the treasurer shall transfer to the scholarship organization an amount equivalent to 50 percent of the per pupil adequate education grant amount pursuant to RSA 198:40-a for an eligible student entering kindergarten for deposit into the eligible student's account.

IV. The funding for an eligible student receiving home education shall be as provided in RSA 77-G:2, I(b).

V. Funds received pursuant to this program shall not constitute income taxable to the parent of the eligible student or to the eligible student.

VI. Pursuant to RSA 194-E:2, the state treasurer shall transfer funding to the eligible student's account established by the scholarship organization. The transfers shall be made in accordance with the distribution of adequate education grants under RSA 198:42.

VII. All eligible students’ accounts shall be held in institutions qualified by the state treasurer.

VIII. A scholarship organization shall receive an amount equivalent to 5 percent of the adequate education grant for administrative expenses. For students eligible pursuant to RSA 198:40-a for differential aid, the scholarship organization shall receive an amount equivalent to 5 percent of the differential aid for administrative expenses.

IX. The department or scholarship organization shall conduct an audit of an eligible student's account as needed to ensure compliance with this chapter.

X. The scholarship organization shall notify the department and the treasurer in writing of any eligible students who are non-compliant with the program requirements of RSA 194-E:2. The department shall review the recommendation of the scholarship organization and notify the parents of the non-compliance. After parental notice of non-compliance report, the department may hold a hearing at the request of the parents. The department shall remove any eligible student from the program if it determines the student is non-compliant with the programs eligibility requirements of RSA 194-E:2 or the department determines there are extenuating circumstances.

(a) The parent may appeal the decision pursuant to RSA 541 to the department.

(b) Any funds remaining in the account for a student deemed non-compliant shall be sent to the state treasury.

XI. At the time of the eligible student’s graduation from high school the eligible student’s account shall be closed, the parents notified, and any remaining funds shall be returned to the state treasury.

XII. The scholarship organization may prohibit a participating nonpublic school or education provider from the program and notify the department if the scholarship organization establishes that the participating school or education provider has:

(a) Routinely failed to comply with the accountability standards established in this chapter; or

(b) Failed to provide the eligible student with the educational services funded by the account.

XIII. The scholarship organization or the department shall refer cases of fraudulent misuse of funds to the attorney general for investigation and shall immediately suspend all payments from the account.

XIV. A nonpublic school or educational service provider pursuant to RSA 194-E:2 shall not share, refund, or rebate any program funds with the parent or eligible student in any manner.

XV. Parents may make payments for the costs not covered by the funds in their accounts.

XVI. A scholarship organization may receive and expend gifts, grants, and donations of any kind from any public or private entity to carry out the purposes of this chapter.

194-E:4 Scholarship Organization; Requirements. A scholarship organization shall:

I. Develop and maintain agreement forms in cooperation with the department.

II. Provide copies of agreements signed by parents of eligible students to the department and the treasurer.

III. Provide the unique pupil identifier and date of birth for each eligible student to the department if available. All entering kindergarten and first grade students who apply for the program must obtain a unique pupil identifier from the department.

IV. In cooperation with the department determine, within 30 days of the completed application for an eligible student, eligibility for differentiated aid subject to any applicable state and federal laws.

V. Comply with all federal and state laws regarding student privacy.

VI. Review all receipts for fees and services pursuant to 194-E:2, II.

VII. Provide annual reports on the number of students participating in the program, the providers of services to students, and the value of the students’ eligible accounts of the program funds to the department, chairman of the house education committee, and the chairman of the senate education committee.

VIII. Provide an annual report to the speaker of the house of representatives, the president of the senate, the chairman of the house education and finance committees, the chairman of the senate education and finance committees, the governor, the joint legislative oversight commission pursuant to RSA 194-E:6 and the department including:

(a) The number of eligible students with accounts.

(b) A list of nonpublic schools and educational service providers including the number of eligible students served per school and educational service provider.

IX. Conduct an annual survey of parents of eligible students with accounts. The survey shall include, but not be limited to, the number of years the parent has been in the program, the relative satisfaction of the parent with the program, and suggestions of the parent for improvement. The survey shall be included in the annual report.

X. Conduct an independent annual audit of all accounts of eligible students.

194-E:5 School and Provider of Educational Services; Requirements.

I. Nonpublic schools, postsecondary institutions, and educational service providers shall comply with all federal and state laws regarding student privacy.

II. Nonpublic schools, postsecondary institutions, and educational service providers shall furnish receipts for eligible services pursuant to RSA 194-E:2, II to the parent and the scholarship organization.

III. The school district in which the eligible student resides shall provide a participating nonpublic school, post-secondary institution or educational service provider that has admitted an eligible student under this program with a copy of the student’s school records, while complying with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974, 20 U.S.C. section 1232g, and state policies.

194-E:6 Stabilization Grant.

I. For each school district, the commissioner shall calculate the amount of the reduction in the adequate education grant resulting from students receiving a scholarship under this chapter and who were in attendance in the school district in the year prior to receiving a scholarship. If the combined amount is greater than 1/4 of one percent of a school district's total voted appropriations for the year prior to the year in which the scholarship is received, the commissioner shall disburse a scholarship stabilization grant for the current fiscal year and the next 4 fiscal years to each such school district equal to the amount of the reduction in excess of 1/4 of one percent. This scholarship stabilization grant shall be included in the September 1 disbursement required pursuant to RSA 198:42.

II. The department shall order the scholarship organization that provided accounts to students from districts that were awarded stabilization grants pursuant to paragraph I to conduct a survey of the financial effects of students receiving scholarships under this chapter, including the amount of the reduction, if any, in the adequate education grant amount and whether or not the scholarship program has resulted in economic hardship to the school district. The organization shall forward the results of this survey to the department and the school board of each district. The department shall post the results of this survey on its public Internet website.

194-E:7 Oversight Commission; Report.

I. There is hereby established an education freedom savings account oversight commission. The commission shall jointly meet at least twice a year and shall monitor the implementation of this chapter, and make recommendations for any legislative changes to the education freedom savings account program. The commission shall include 2 senators appointed by the president of the senate, 3 members of the house of representatives, including the chairpersons of the house finance and education committees, appointed by the speaker of the house of representatives, the commissioner of the department of education or designee, the administrator or chief executive officer of the scholarship organization, and one member of the state board of education appointed by the chairperson of the state board of education.

II. The commission shall provide a report on or before November 1 of each year to the general court including findings, recommendations, and any corrective or technical improvements that the education freedom savings account program may require. The scholarship organization shall develop and implement a plan to be approved by the commission that addresses corrective and technical recommendations made by the oversight commission.

III. The commission shall provide an education freedom savings account program review report which shall be released to the public on or before November 1, 2022 and to the general court recommending that:

(a) Legislation be submitted to the general court that the education freedom savings account program be renewed in whole, or

(b) Legislation be submitted to the general court that the education freedom savings account program be renewed, but with changes to correct findings or any other issues identified during the review process, or

(c) Legislation not be submitted to renew the education freedom savings account program and that the program shall be repealed effective July 1, 2023.

194-E:8 Severability. If any provision of this chapter or the application thereof to any person or circumstances is held invalid, such invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of the chapter which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this chapter are declared to be severable.

2 Repeal. RSA 194-E, relative to the education freedom savings account program, is repealed.

3 Effective Date.

I. Section 2 of this act shall take effect July 1, 2023.

II. The remainder of this act shall take effect 60 days after its passage.

LBAO

17-0912

Amended 1/23/18

SB 193-FN- FISCAL NOTE

AS AMENDED BY THE HOUSE (AMENDMENT #2018-2530h)

AN ACT establishing education freedom savings accounts for students.

FISCAL IMPACT: [ X ] State [ ] County [ X ] Local [ ] None


	Estimated Increase / (Decrease)
STATE:	FY 2019	FY 2020	FY 2021	FY 2022
Appropriation	$0	$0	$0	$0
Revenue	$0	$0	$0	$0
Expenditures	Indeterminable Increase	Indeterminable Increase	Indeterminable Increase	Indeterminable Increase
Funding Source:	[ X ] General [ X ] Education [ ] Highway [ ] Other

LOCAL:
Revenue	Indeterminable Decrease	Indeterminable Decrease	Indeterminable Decrease	Indeterminable Decrease
Expenditures	Indeterminable Decrease	Indeterminable Decrease	Indeterminable Decrease	Indeterminable Decrease

METHODOLOGY:

This bill establishes education freedom savings accounts (ESA) for qualifying students. In order to be eligible for an ESA, a student must be a New Hampshire resident, be at least five, but no more than 20 years of age, not yet graduated from high school, and

Who is currently attending a New Hampshire public school, including chartered public schools, for a minimum of one year, or
Who received an ESA in the prior year, or
Who is entering kindergarten or first grade AND
- Whose annual household income is less than or equal to 300 percent of the federal poverty guidelines, or
- Who is assigned to a school that for two consecutive years has been unable to demonstrate it provides the opportunity for an adequate education pursuant to RSA 193-E:3-b, or
- Has an individual education program or accommodation plan, or
- Who applied for and was not admitted to a chartered public school or whose application for an education tax credit scholarship, pursuant to RSA 77-G, was not funded.

If eligible for the program, parents may contract with a scholarship organization for an ESA, which may be used for a variety of education expenses. Under this bill, ESAs are funded for kindergarten and grades 1-12 students at 50% and 95%, respectively, of the per pupil adequate education grant amount, plus any applicable differentiated aid (except for differentiated aid for non-proficiency in third grade reading). Funding for home education shall be as provided in the education tax credit scholarship program. Scholarship organizations shall receive 5% of an adequate education grant for administrative expenses. This bill also provides an additional stabilization grant in recognition of adequacy grant revenue lost attributable to ESA students who were in attendance the previous year. Stabilization grants will be calculated at the amount of lost revenue in excess of one quarter of one percent of a district’s prior year total voted appropriations.

While it is not possible to determine the number of students that would be eligible and receive an ESA, the Department of Education has provided the following information, as well as an illustration of this bill’s potential fiscal impact, based upon the stated assumptions:

Scholarship organization administrative expenses (5%) come out of ESA amount (i.e., typical ESA would be 95% of adequacy cost total, resulting in a net 5% savings to the State).

One percent of all current public school and home school students apply for and receive an education savings account. Other states with similar programs have experienced take up rates of one percent of eligible students.

There is an indeterminable cost savings to public schools, to the extent students seek alternative education options with an ESA. Other states have estimated the variable cost of educating students at about 65-70% of the average per pupil cost and estimates with statewide New Hampshire data yield similar estimates for variable costs. Statewide estimates, however, do not consider that many small schools would likely have high per pupil fixed costs, therefore a 30% variable cost estimate is assumed.

There would be a need for one full-time equivalent position to manage this program in the startup year. Future need for this position would be determined at the time of the biennium budget and either included or excluded from the budget each biennium.

The Department also considered the following data:

In FY 2017, the average cost per pupil ranges from $9,584.95-42,586.41 with the average being $15,310.67, and an indeterminable amount of these costs being either fixed or variable.

There are currently 135 non-public schools approved for attendance, with a total enrollment of 16,266. The Department does not have data relative to the resident town or city of these students.

There are currently 174,424 students in grades K-12 enrolled in New Hampshire public schools as of October 1, 2017.

The average daily membership (ADM) of grades K-12 in New Hampshire public schools for school year 2016-2017, for the purpose of calculating adequacy, with kindergarten counting as no more than ½, is 167,642.

The total calculated cost of an adequate education for 2018 is $750,489,331. Therefore, the average calculated cost of an adequate education per student is $4,476.74.

The average calculated cost of an adequate education, plus additional grant, per public chartered school student is $7,479.38.

The homeschool scholarship used for this calculation is $2,762 pursuant to RSA 77-G.

PLEASE NOTE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION ASSUMPTIONS USED ABOVE
Factors Used
10/1/18 Enrollment	174,424
FY 2017 ADM (Kindergarten @ 0.5)	167,642
FY 2017 Charter ADM (K @ 0.5, Not Including VLACS*)	3,137
FY 2014 Homeschool Enrollment	5,914
FY 2018 Total Calculated Cost of an Adequate Education	$750,489,331
FY 2017 ADM, Towns with SWEPT > Cost of Adequacy (K @ 0.5K)**	11,485
Average Calculated Cost of an Adequate Education per Student	$4,477
Charter School Amount	$6,922
Homeschool Amount	$2,762
95% of Average Per Pupil Adequacy amount in 2018	$4,253
Average Cost Per Pupil FY 2016/2017	$15,311

ESA Participation
1% of Students	1,676.42
1% of Charter Students	31.37
1% of Homeschool Students	59.14
1% of Students from Towns with SWEPT > Cost of Adequacy**	115

State Impact
District Students
Total Current Calculated Cost to State**	$6,990,740
Total ESA Calculated Cost to State at 95%	$7,129,649
Estimated Increase in State Expenditures	$138,909
Charter Students
Total Current Calculated Cost to State	$217,147
Total ESA Calculated Cost to State at 95%	$133,415
Estimated Decrease in State Expenditures	($83,732)
Homeschool Students
Total Current Calculated Cost to State	$0
Total ESA Calculated Cost to State at 95%	$163,345
Estimated Increase in State Expenditures	$163,345

Cost of Adequacy/ESA Net Subtotal	$218,522
Scholarship Stabilization Grants	$394,522
Cost of Additional DOE Position	$92,000
Total Potential Cost to State (Net Impact)	$705,044

Local District Impact
Maximum Local Loss of Adequacy Aid	($6,990,740)
Scholarship Stabilization Grants	$394,522
Maximum Local Loss in Revenue	($6,596,218)

Potential Decrease in Cost to School Districts	($7,700,134)

* Virtual Learning Academy Charter School

** Municipalities with statewide education property tax collections greater than their calculated cost of an adequate education retain the excess. Therefore, any loss of ADM to such a municipality would not result in an adequacy grant savings to the state to offset the cost of an ESA.

Any reduction in expenditures for adequate education grants to local school districts or public charter schools will be to the education trust fund. This bill does not specify the source of funds for the ESAs or scholarship stabilization grants. It is assumed any administration costs for the Department of Education would impact the general fund.

AGENCIES CONTACTED:

Department of Education