Bill Text: NY S00321 | 2019-2020 | General Assembly | Introduced
Bill Title: Relates to saliva swabs and chemical tests in certain cases.
Spectrum: Partisan Bill (Republican 1-0)
Status: (Introduced - Dead) 2020-01-08 - REFERRED TO TRANSPORTATION [S00321 Detail]
Download: New_York-2019-S00321-Introduced.html
STATE OF NEW YORK ________________________________________________________________________ 321 2019-2020 Regular Sessions IN SENATE (Prefiled) January 9, 2019 ___________ Introduced by Sen. ROBACH -- read twice and ordered printed, and when printed to be committed to the Committee on Transportation AN ACT to amend the vehicle and traffic law, in relation to saliva swabs and chemical tests in certain cases The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assem- bly, do enact as follows: 1 Section 1. Subdivisions 1, 2 and 3 of section 1194 of the vehicle and 2 traffic law, as added by chapter 47 of the laws of 1988, paragraph (a) 3 of subdivision 2 as amended by chapter 196 of the laws of 1996, para- 4 graphs (b) and (c) of subdivision 2 as amended by chapter 489 of the 5 laws of 2017, clause (A) of subparagraph 1 and subparagraphs 2 and 3 of 6 paragraph (b) and subparagraphs 1, 2, and 3 of paragraph (c) of subdivi- 7 sion 2 as amended by chapter 27 of the laws of 2018, subparagraphs 1 and 8 2 of paragraph (d) of subdivision 2 as amended by chapter 732 of the 9 laws of 2006 and item (iii) of clause c of subparagraph 1 of paragraph 10 (d) of subdivision 2 as amended by section 37 of part LL of chapter 56 11 of the laws of 2010, are amended to read as follows: 12 1. Arrest and field testing. (a) Arrest. Notwithstanding the 13 provisions of section 140.10 of the criminal procedure law, a police 14 officer may, without a warrant, arrest a person, in case of a violation 15 of subdivision one of section eleven hundred ninety-two of this article, 16 if such violation is coupled with an accident or collision in which such 17 person is involved, which in fact has been committed, though not in the 18 police officer's presence, when the officer has reasonable cause to 19 believe that the violation was committed by such person. 20 (b) Field testing. Every person operating a motor vehicle which has 21 been involved in an accident or which is operated in violation of any of 22 the provisions of this chapter shall, at the request of a police offi- 23 cer, submit to a breath test and/or saliva swab to be administered by 24 the police officer. If either such test indicates that such operator has EXPLANATION--Matter in italics (underscored) is new; matter in brackets [] is old law to be omitted. LBD01398-01-9S. 321 2 1 consumed alcohol or is under the influence of a drug or drugs, or both, 2 the police officer may request such operator to submit to a chemical 3 test in the manner set forth in subdivision two of this section. 4 2. Chemical tests. (a) When authorized. Any person who operates a 5 motor vehicle in this state shall be deemed to have given consent to a 6 chemical test of one or more of the following: breath, blood, urine, or 7 saliva, for the purpose of determining the alcoholic and/or drug content 8 of the blood provided that such test is administered by or at the direc- 9 tion of a police officer with respect to a chemical test of breath, 10 urine or saliva or, with respect to a chemical test of blood, at the 11 direction of a police officer: 12 (1) having reasonable grounds to believe such person to have been 13 operating in violation of any subdivision of section eleven hundred 14 ninety-two of this article and within two hours after such person has 15 been placed under arrest for any such violation; or having reasonable 16 grounds to believe such person to have been operating in violation of 17 section eleven hundred ninety-two-a of this article and within two hours 18 after the stop of such person for any such violation, 19 (2) within two hours after a breath test or saliva swab, as provided 20 in paragraph (b) of subdivision one of this section, indicates [that] 21 the consumption of alcohol [has been consumed] or drugs by such person 22 and in accordance with the rules and regulations established by the 23 police force of which the officer is a member; 24 (3) for the purposes of this paragraph, "reasonable grounds" to 25 believe that a person has been operating a motor vehicle after having 26 consumed alcohol in violation of section eleven hundred ninety-two-a of 27 this article shall be determined by viewing the totality of circum- 28 stances surrounding the incident which, when taken together, indicate 29 that the operator was driving in violation of such subdivision. Such 30 circumstances may include any visible or behavioral indication of alco- 31 hol consumption by the operator, the existence of an open container 32 containing or having contained an alcoholic beverage in or around the 33 vehicle driven by the operator, or any other evidence surrounding the 34 circumstances of the incident which indicates that the operator has been 35 operating a motor vehicle after having consumed alcohol at the time of 36 the incident; or 37 (4) notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, no 38 person under the age of twenty-one shall be arrested for an alleged 39 violation of section eleven hundred ninety-two-a of this article. 40 However, a person under the age of twenty-one for whom a chemical test 41 is authorized pursuant to this paragraph may be temporarily detained by 42 the police solely for the purpose of requesting or administering such 43 chemical test whenever arrest without a warrant for a petty offense 44 would be authorized in accordance with the provisions of section 140.10 45 of the criminal procedure law or paragraph (a) of subdivision one of 46 this section. 47 (b) Report of refusal to submit to a chemical test. (1) If: (A) such 48 person having been placed under arrest; or (B) after a breath test indi- 49 cates the presence of alcohol in the person's system; or (C) with regard 50 to a person under the age of twenty-one, there are reasonable grounds to 51 believe that such person has been operating a motor vehicle after having 52 consumed alcohol in violation of section eleven hundred ninety-two-a of 53 this article; and having thereafter been requested to submit to such 54 chemical test and having been informed that the person's license or 55 permit to drive and any non-resident operating privilege shall be imme- 56 diately suspended and subsequently revoked, or, for operators under theS. 321 3 1 age of twenty-one for whom there are reasonable grounds to believe that 2 such operator has been operating a motor vehicle after having consumed 3 alcohol in violation of section eleven hundred ninety-two-a of this 4 article, shall be revoked for refusal to submit to such chemical test or 5 any portion thereof, whether or not the person is found guilty of the 6 charge for which such person is arrested or detained, refuses to submit 7 to such chemical test or any portion thereof, unless a court order has 8 been granted pursuant to subdivision three of this section, the test 9 shall not be given and a written report of such refusal shall be imme- 10 diately made by the police officer before whom such refusal was made. 11 Such report may be verified by having the report sworn to, or by affix- 12 ing to such report a form notice that false statements made therein are 13 punishable as a class A misdemeanor pursuant to section 210.45 of the 14 penal law and such form notice together with the subscription of the 15 deponent shall constitute a verification of the report. 16 (2) The report of the police officer shall set forth reasonable 17 grounds to believe such arrested person or such detained person under 18 the age of twenty-one had been driving in violation of any subdivision 19 of section eleven hundred ninety-two or eleven hundred ninety-two-a of 20 this article, that said person had refused to submit to such chemical 21 test, and that no chemical test was administered pursuant to the 22 requirements of subdivision three of this section. The report shall be 23 presented to the court upon arraignment of an arrested person, provided, 24 however, in the case of a person under the age of twenty-one, for whom a 25 test was authorized pursuant to the provisions of subparagraph two or 26 three of paragraph (a) of this subdivision, and who has not been placed 27 under arrest for a violation of any of the provisions of section eleven 28 hundred ninety-two of this article, such report shall be forwarded to 29 the commissioner within forty-eight hours in a manner to be prescribed 30 by the commissioner, and all subsequent proceedings with regard to 31 refusal to submit to such chemical test by such person shall be as set 32 forth in subdivision three of section eleven hundred ninety-four-a of 33 this article. 34 (3) For persons placed under arrest for a violation of any subdivision 35 of section eleven hundred ninety-two of this article, the license or 36 permit to drive and any non-resident operating privilege shall, upon the 37 basis of such written report, be temporarily suspended by the court 38 without notice pending the determination of a hearing as provided in 39 paragraph (c) of this subdivision. Copies of such report must be trans- 40 mitted by the court to the commissioner and such transmittal may not be 41 waived even with the consent of all the parties. Such report shall be 42 forwarded to the commissioner within forty-eight hours of such arraign- 43 ment. 44 (4) The court or the police officer, in the case of a person under the 45 age of twenty-one alleged to be driving after having consumed alcohol, 46 shall provide such person with a scheduled hearing date, a waiver form, 47 and such other information as may be required by the commissioner. If a 48 hearing, as provided for in paragraph (c) of this subdivision, or subdi- 49 vision three of section eleven hundred ninety-four-a of this article, is 50 waived by such person, the commissioner shall immediately revoke the 51 license, permit, or non-resident operating privilege, as of the date of 52 receipt of such waiver in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 53 (d) of this subdivision. 54 (c) Hearings. Any person whose license or permit to drive or any non- 55 resident driving privilege has been suspended pursuant to paragraph (b) 56 of this subdivision is entitled to a hearing in accordance with a hear-S. 321 4 1 ing schedule to be promulgated by the commissioner. If the department 2 fails to provide for such hearing fifteen days after the date of the 3 arraignment of the arrested person, the license, permit to drive or 4 non-resident operating privilege of such person shall be reinstated 5 pending a hearing pursuant to this section. The hearing shall be limited 6 to the following issues: (1) did the police officer have reasonable 7 grounds to believe that such person had been driving in violation of any 8 subdivision of section eleven hundred ninety-two of this article; (2) 9 did the police officer make a lawful arrest of such person; (3) was such 10 person given sufficient warning, in clear or unequivocal language, prior 11 to such refusal that such refusal to submit to such chemical test or any 12 portion thereof, would result in the immediate suspension and subsequent 13 revocation of such person's license or operating privilege whether or 14 not such person is found guilty of the charge for which the arrest was 15 made; and (4) did such person refuse to submit to such chemical test or 16 any portion thereof. If, after such hearing, the hearing officer, acting 17 on behalf of the commissioner, finds on any one of said issues in the 18 negative, the hearing officer shall immediately terminate any suspension 19 arising from such refusal. If, after such hearing, the hearing officer, 20 acting on behalf of the commissioner finds all of the issues in the 21 affirmative, such officer shall immediately revoke the license or permit 22 to drive or any non-resident operating privilege in accordance with the 23 provisions of paragraph (d) of this subdivision. A person who has had a 24 license or permit to drive or non-resident operating privilege suspended 25 or revoked pursuant to this subdivision may appeal the findings of the 26 hearing officer in accordance with the provisions of article three-A of 27 this chapter. Any person may waive the right to a hearing under this 28 section. Failure by such person to appear for the scheduled hearing 29 shall constitute a waiver of such hearing, provided, however, that such 30 person may petition the commissioner for a new hearing which shall be 31 held as soon as practicable. 32 (d) Sanctions. (1) Revocations. a. Any license which has been revoked 33 pursuant to paragraph (c) of this subdivision shall not be restored for 34 at least one year after such revocation, nor thereafter, except in the 35 discretion of the commissioner. However, no such license shall be 36 restored for at least eighteen months after such revocation, nor there- 37 after except in the discretion of the commissioner, in any case where 38 the person has had a prior revocation resulting from refusal to submit 39 to a chemical test, or has been convicted of or found to be in violation 40 of any subdivision of section eleven hundred ninety-two or section elev- 41 en hundred ninety-two-a of this article not arising out of the same 42 incident, within the five years immediately preceding the date of such 43 revocation; provided, however, a prior finding that a person under the 44 age of twenty-one has refused to submit to a chemical test pursuant to 45 subdivision three of section eleven hundred ninety-four-a of this arti- 46 cle shall have the same effect as a prior finding of a refusal pursuant 47 to this subdivision solely for the purpose of determining the length of 48 any license suspension or revocation required to be imposed under any 49 provision of this article, provided that the subsequent offense or 50 refusal is committed or occurred prior to the expiration of the 51 retention period for such prior refusal as set forth in paragraph (k) of 52 subdivision one of section two hundred one of this chapter. 53 b. Any license which has been revoked pursuant to paragraph (c) of 54 this subdivision or pursuant to subdivision three of section eleven 55 hundred ninety-four-a of this article, where the holder was under the 56 age of twenty-one years at the time of such refusal, shall not beS. 321 5 1 restored for at least one year, nor thereafter, except in the discretion 2 of the commissioner. Where such person under the age of twenty-one years 3 has a prior finding, conviction or youthful offender adjudication 4 resulting from a violation of section eleven hundred ninety-two or 5 section eleven hundred ninety-two-a of this article, not arising from 6 the same incident, such license shall not be restored for at least one 7 year or until such person reaches the age of twenty-one years, whichever 8 is the greater period of time, nor thereafter, except in the discretion 9 of the commissioner. 10 c. Any commercial driver's license which has been revoked pursuant to 11 paragraph (c) of this subdivision based upon a finding of refusal to 12 submit to a chemical test, where such finding occurs within or outside 13 of this state, shall not be restored for at least eighteen months after 14 such revocation, nor thereafter, except in the discretion of the commis- 15 sioner, but shall not be restored for at least three years after such 16 revocation, nor thereafter, except in the discretion of the commission- 17 er, if the holder of such license was operating a commercial motor vehi- 18 cle transporting hazardous materials at the time of such refusal. Howev- 19 er, such person shall be permanently disqualified from operating a 20 commercial motor vehicle in any case where the holder has a prior find- 21 ing of refusal to submit to a chemical test pursuant to this section or 22 has a prior conviction of any of the following offenses: any violation 23 of section eleven hundred ninety-two of this article; any violation of 24 subdivision one or two of section six hundred of this chapter; or has a 25 prior conviction of any felony involving the use of a motor vehicle 26 pursuant to paragraph (a) of subdivision one of section five hundred 27 ten-a of this chapter. Provided that the commissioner may waive such 28 permanent revocation after a period of ten years has expired from such 29 revocation provided: 30 (i) that during such ten year period such person has not been found to 31 have refused a chemical test pursuant to this section and has not been 32 convicted of any one of the following offenses: any violation of section 33 eleven hundred ninety-two of this article; refusal to submit to a chemi- 34 cal test pursuant to this section; any violation of subdivision one or 35 two of section six hundred of this chapter; or has a prior conviction of 36 any felony involving the use of a motor vehicle pursuant to paragraph 37 (a) of subdivision one of section five hundred ten-a of this chapter; 38 (ii) that such person provides acceptable documentation to the commis- 39 sioner that such person is not in need of alcohol or drug treatment or 40 has satisfactorily completed a prescribed course of such treatment; and 41 (iii) after such documentation is accepted, that such person is grant- 42 ed a certificate of relief from disabilities or a certificate of good 43 conduct pursuant to article twenty-three of the correction law by the 44 court in which such person was last penalized. 45 d. Upon a third finding of refusal and/or conviction of any of the 46 offenses which require a permanent commercial driver's license revoca- 47 tion, such permanent revocation may not be waived by the commissioner 48 under any circumstances. 49 (2) Civil penalties. Except as otherwise provided, any person whose 50 license, permit to drive, or any non-resident operating privilege is 51 revoked pursuant to the provisions of this section shall also be liable 52 for a civil penalty in the amount of five hundred dollars except that if 53 such revocation is a second or subsequent revocation pursuant to this 54 section issued within a five year period, or such person has been 55 convicted of a violation of any subdivision of section eleven hundred 56 ninety-two of this article within the past five years not arising out ofS. 321 6 1 the same incident, the civil penalty shall be in the amount of seven 2 hundred fifty dollars. Any person whose license is revoked pursuant to 3 the provisions of this section based upon a finding of refusal to submit 4 to a chemical test while operating a commercial motor vehicle shall also 5 be liable for a civil penalty of five hundred fifty dollars except that 6 if such person has previously been found to have refused a chemical test 7 pursuant to this section while operating a commercial motor vehicle or 8 has a prior conviction of any of the following offenses while operating 9 a commercial motor vehicle: any violation of section eleven hundred 10 ninety-two of this article; any violation of subdivision two of section 11 six hundred of this chapter; or has a prior conviction of any felony 12 involving the use of a commercial motor vehicle pursuant to paragraph 13 (a) of subdivision one of section five hundred ten-a of this chapter, 14 then the civil penalty shall be seven hundred fifty dollars. No new 15 driver's license or permit shall be issued, or non-resident operating 16 privilege restored to such person unless such penalty has been paid. All 17 penalties collected by the department pursuant to the provisions of this 18 section shall be the property of the state and shall be paid into the 19 general fund of the state treasury. 20 (3) Effect of rehabilitation program. No period of revocation arising 21 out of this section may be set aside by the commissioner for the reason 22 that such person was a participant in the alcohol and drug rehabili- 23 tation program set forth in section eleven hundred ninety-six of this 24 article. 25 (e) Regulations. The commissioner shall promulgate such rules and 26 regulations as may be necessary to effectuate the provisions of subdivi- 27 sions one and two of this section. 28 (f) Evidence. Evidence of a refusal to submit to such chemical test or 29 any portion thereof shall be admissible in any trial, proceeding or 30 hearing based upon a violation of the provisions of section eleven 31 hundred ninety-two of this article but only upon a showing that the 32 person was given sufficient warning, in clear and unequivocal language, 33 of the effect of such refusal and that the person persisted in the 34 refusal. 35 (g) Results. Upon the request of the person who was tested, the 36 results of such test shall be made available to such person. 37 3. Compulsory chemical tests. (a) Court ordered chemical tests. 38 Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision two of this section, no 39 person who operates a motor vehicle in this state may refuse to submit 40 to a chemical test of one or more of the following: breath, blood, urine 41 or saliva, for the purpose of determining the alcoholic and/or drug 42 content of the blood when a court order for such chemical test has been 43 issued in accordance with the provisions of this subdivision. 44 (b) When authorized. Upon refusal by any person to submit to a chemi- 45 cal test or any portion thereof as described above, the test shall not 46 be given unless a police officer or a district attorney, as defined in 47 subdivision thirty-two of section 1.20 of the criminal procedure law, 48 requests and obtains a court order to compel a person to submit to a 49 chemical test to determine the alcoholic or drug content of the person's 50 blood upon a finding of reasonable cause to believe that: 51 (1) such person was the operator of a motor vehicle and in the course 52 of such operation a person other than the operator was killed or 53 suffered serious physical injury as defined in section 10.00 of the 54 penal law; and 55 (2) a. either such person operated the vehicle in violation of any 56 subdivision of section eleven hundred ninety-two of this article, orS. 321 7 1 b. a breath test or saliva swab administered by a police officer in 2 accordance with paragraph (b) of subdivision one of this section indi- 3 cates [that] the consumption of alcohol [has been consumed] or drugs by 4 such person; or a police officer trained and certified as a drug recog- 5 nition expert or a police officer who has completed training pursuant to 6 the federal advanced roadside impaired driving enforcement program has 7 reason to believe that such person is under the influence of drugs or 8 the combined influence of drugs and alcohol; and 9 (3) such person has been placed under lawful arrest; and 10 (4) such person has refused to submit to a chemical test or any 11 portion thereof, requested in accordance with the provisions of para- 12 graph (a) of subdivision two of this section or is unable to give 13 consent to such a test. 14 (c) Reasonable cause; definition. For the purpose of this subdivision 15 "reasonable cause" shall be determined by viewing the totality of 16 circumstances surrounding the incident which, when taken together, indi- 17 cate that the operator was driving in violation of section eleven 18 hundred ninety-two of this article. Such circumstances may include, but 19 are not limited to: evidence that the operator was operating a motor 20 vehicle in violation of any provision of this article or any other 21 moving violation at the time of the incident; any visible indication of 22 alcohol or drug consumption or impairment by the operator; the existence 23 of drugs or drug paraphernalia; or an open container containing an alco- 24 holic beverage in or around the vehicle driven by the operator; any 25 other evidence surrounding the circumstances of the incident which indi- 26 cates that the operator has been operating a motor vehicle while 27 impaired by the consumption of alcohol or drugs or intoxicated at the 28 time of the incident. 29 (d) Court order; procedure. (1) An application for a court order to 30 compel submission to a chemical test or any portion thereof, may be made 31 to any supreme court justice, county court judge or district court judge 32 in the judicial district in which the incident occurred, or if the inci- 33 dent occurred in the city of New York before any supreme court justice 34 or judge of the criminal court of the city of New York. Such application 35 may be communicated by telephone, radio or other means of electronic 36 communication, or in person. 37 (2) The applicant must provide identification by name and title and 38 must state the purpose of the communication. Upon being advised that an 39 application for a court order to compel submission to a chemical test is 40 being made, the court shall place under oath the applicant and any other 41 person providing information in support of the application as provided 42 in subparagraph three of this paragraph. After being sworn the applicant 43 must state that the person from whom the chemical test was requested was 44 the operator of a motor vehicle and in the course of such operation a 45 person, other than the operator, has been killed or seriously injured 46 and, based upon the totality of circumstances, there is reasonable cause 47 to believe that such person was operating a motor vehicle in violation 48 of any subdivision of section eleven hundred ninety-two of this article 49 and, after being placed under lawful arrest such person refused to 50 submit to a chemical test or any portion thereof, in accordance with the 51 provisions of this section or is unable to give consent to such a test 52 or any portion thereof. The applicant must make specific allegations of 53 fact to support such statement. Any other person properly identified, 54 may present sworn allegations of fact in support of the applicant's 55 statement.S. 321 8 1 (3) Upon being advised that an oral application for a court order to 2 compel a person to submit to a chemical test is being made, a judge or 3 justice shall place under oath the applicant and any other person 4 providing information in support of the application. Such oath or oaths 5 and all of the remaining communication must be recorded, either by means 6 of a voice recording device or verbatim stenographic or verbatim long- 7 hand notes. If a voice recording device is used or a stenographic record 8 made, the judge must have the record transcribed, certify to the accura- 9 cy of the transcription and file the original record and transcription 10 with the court within seventy-two hours of the issuance of the court 11 order. If the longhand notes are taken, the judge shall subscribe a copy 12 and file it with the court within twenty-four hours of the issuance of 13 the order. 14 (4) If the court is satisfied that the requirements for the issuance 15 of a court order pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (b) of this 16 subdivision have been met, it may grant the application and issue an 17 order requiring the accused to submit to a chemical test to determine 18 the alcoholic and/or drug content of his blood and ordering the with- 19 drawal of a blood sample in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 20 (a) of subdivision four of this section. When a judge or justice deter- 21 mines to issue an order to compel submission to a chemical test based on 22 an oral application, the applicant therefor shall prepare the order in 23 accordance with the instructions of the judge or justice. In all cases 24 the order shall include the name of the issuing judge or justice, the 25 name of the applicant, and the date and time it was issued. It must be 26 signed by the judge or justice if issued in person, or by the applicant 27 if issued orally. 28 (5) Any false statement by an applicant or any other person in support 29 of an application for a court order shall subject such person to the 30 offenses for perjury set forth in article two hundred ten of the penal 31 law. 32 (6) The chief administrator of the courts shall establish a schedule 33 to provide that a sufficient number of judges or justices will be avail- 34 able in each judicial district to hear oral applications for court 35 orders as permitted by this section. 36 (e) Administration of compulsory chemical test. An order issued pursu- 37 ant to the provisions of this subdivision shall require that a chemical 38 test to determine the alcoholic and/or drug content of the operator's 39 blood must be administered. The provisions of paragraphs (a), (b) and 40 (c) of subdivision four of this section shall be applicable to any chem- 41 ical test administered pursuant to this section. 42 § 2. This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeed- 43 ing the date on which it shall have become a law.
