Bill Text: TX HB152 | 2019-2020 | 86th Legislature | Introduced

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Bill Title: Relating to the collection, storage, and analysis of sexual assault evidence and evidence of other sex offenses.

Spectrum: Partisan Bill (Democrat 1-0)

Status: (Introduced - Dead) 2019-02-13 - Referred to Homeland Security & Public Safety [HB152 Detail]

Download: Texas-2019-HB152-Introduced.html

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86R179 LHC-D
By: Minjarez H.B. No. 152

A BILL TO BE ENTITLED
AN ACT
relating to the collection, storage, and analysis of sexual assault
evidence and evidence of other sex offenses.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:
SECTION 1. Sections 420.003(1-a), (1-d), (7), and (8),
Government Code, are amended to read as follows:
(1-a) "Active criminal case" means a case:
(A) in which:
(i) a sexual assault or other sex offense
has been reported to a law enforcement agency; and
(ii) physical evidence of the offense
[assault] has been submitted to the agency or an accredited crime
laboratory under this chapter for analysis; and
(B) for which:
(i) the statute of limitations has not run
with respect to the prosecution of the offense [sexual assault]; or
(ii) a DNA profile was obtained that is
eligible under Section 420.043 for comparison with DNA profiles in
the state database or CODIS DNA database.
(1-d) "Law enforcement agency" means a state or local
law enforcement agency in this state with jurisdiction over the
investigation of a sexual assault or other sex offense.
(7) "Sexual assault program" means any local public or
private nonprofit corporation, independent of a law enforcement
agency or prosecutor's office, that is operated as an independent
program or as part of a municipal, county, or state agency and that
provides the minimum services to adult survivors of stranger and
non-stranger sex offenses [sexual assault].
(8) "Survivor" means an individual who is a victim of a
sexual assault or other sex offense, regardless of whether a report
or conviction is made in the incident.
SECTION 2. Section 420.033, Government Code, is amended to
read as follows:
Sec. 420.033. CHAIN OF CUSTODY. Medical, law enforcement,
department, and laboratory personnel who handle [sexual assault]
evidence of a sexual assault or other sex offense under this chapter
or other law shall maintain the chain of custody of the evidence
from the time the evidence is collected until the time the evidence
is destroyed.
SECTION 3. Section 420.034(c), Government Code, is amended
to read as follows:
(c) The tracking system must:
(1) track the location and status of each item of
evidence through the criminal justice process, including the
initial collection of the item of evidence in a forensic medical
examination, assignment of a unique number to the item of evidence,
receipt and storage of the item of evidence at a law enforcement
agency, receipt and analysis of the item of evidence at an
accredited crime laboratory, and storage and destruction of the
item of evidence after the item is analyzed;
(2) allow a facility or entity performing a forensic
medical examination of a survivor, law enforcement agency,
accredited crime laboratory, prosecutor, or other entity providing
a chain of custody for an item of evidence to update and track the
status and location of the item; and
(3) allow a survivor to anonymously track or receive
updates regarding the status and location of each item of evidence
collected in relation to the offense.
SECTION 4. Subchapter B, Chapter 420, Government Code, is
amended by adding Section 420.035 to read as follows:
Sec. 420.035. EVIDENCE RELEASE AND STORAGE. (a) If a
health care facility or other entity that performs a medical
examination to collect evidence of a sexual assault or other sex
offense receives signed, written consent to release the evidence as
provided by Section 420.0735, the facility or entity shall notify
either the law enforcement agency investigating the alleged
offense, if known, or the local law enforcement agency not later
than 24 hours after receiving consent.
(b) A law enforcement agency that receives notice from a
health care facility or other entity under Subsection (a) shall
take possession of the evidence not later than the 14th day after
the date the law enforcement agency receives notice.
(c) If a law enforcement agency that takes possession of
evidence under Subsection (b) determines that the agency does not
have jurisdiction over the investigation of the alleged sexual
assault or other sex offense, the law enforcement agency shall
notify the law enforcement agency with jurisdiction over the
investigation not later than the 14th day after the date that
determination is made.
(d) A law enforcement agency that receives notice from
another law enforcement agency under Subsection (c) shall take
possession of the evidence not later than the 14th day after the
date the law enforcement agency receives notice.
(e) A health care facility or other entity that performs a
medical examination to collect evidence of a sexual assault or
other sex offense that has not obtained signed, written consent as
provided by Section 420.0735 shall provide the survivor with
information relating to:
(1) the facility's or entity's policy regarding
storage of evidence of a sexual assault or other sex offense,
including a statement of the period for which the evidence will be
stored before the evidence is destroyed; and
(2) the ways in which the survivor can request the
release of the evidence to a law enforcement agency.
(f) A health care facility or other entity that performs a
medical examination to collect evidence as described by this
section must store until at least the first anniversary of the date
of collection any evidence that is not released to a law enforcement
agency.
(g) The failure of a health care facility or other entity or
a law enforcement agency to comply with the requirements of this
section does not constitute grounds in a criminal proceeding for:
(1) a defendant to challenge the validity of a DNA
match obtained by comparison under Section 420.043; or
(2) a court to exclude evidence based on a DNA profile.
(h) A person accused or convicted of committing a sexual
assault or other sex offense against the survivor does not have
standing to object to the failure of a health care facility or other
entity or a law enforcement agency to comply with the requirements
of this section. Failure of a facility, entity, or agency to comply
with the requirements of this section does not constitute grounds
for setting aside the conviction of a person convicted of
committing a sexual assault or other sex offense against the
survivor.
SECTION 5. Subchapter B-1, Chapter 420, Government Code, is
amended to read as follows:
SUBCHAPTER B-1. ANALYSIS OF [SEXUAL ASSAULT] EVIDENCE OF SEXUAL
ASSAULT OR OTHER SEX OFFENSE
Sec. 420.041. APPLICABILITY OF SUBCHAPTER. This subchapter
applies only to physical evidence of a sexual assault or other sex
offense that is collected with respect to an active criminal case.
Sec. 420.042. ANALYSIS OF [SEXUAL ASSAULT] EVIDENCE. (a) A
law enforcement agency that receives [sexual assault] evidence of a
sexual assault or other sex offense that is collected under this
chapter or other law shall submit that evidence to a public
accredited crime laboratory for analysis not later than the 14th
[30th] day after the date on which that evidence was received.
(b) A person who submits [sexual assault] evidence of a
sexual assault or other sex offense to a public accredited crime
laboratory under this chapter or other law shall provide the
following signed, written certification with each submission:
"This evidence is being submitted by (name of person making
submission) in connection with a criminal investigation."
(c) If sufficient personnel and resources are available, a
public accredited crime laboratory, as soon as practicable but not
later than the 60th day after the date on which the laboratory
received the evidence, shall complete its analysis of any [sexual
assault] evidence of a sexual assault or other sex offense that is
submitted under this chapter or other law.
(d) To ensure the expeditious completion of analyses, the
department and other applicable public accredited crime
laboratories may contract with private accredited crime
laboratories as appropriate to perform those analyses, subject to
the necessary quality assurance reviews by the public accredited
crime laboratories.
(e) The failure of a law enforcement agency to take
possession of evidence of a sexual assault or other sex offense
within the period required by Section 420.035 or to submit that
[sexual assault] evidence within the period required by this
section does not affect the authority of:
(1) the agency to take possession of the evidence;
(2) the agency to submit the evidence to an accredited
crime laboratory for analysis; [or]
(3) [(2)] an accredited crime laboratory to analyze
the evidence or provide the results of that analysis to appropriate
persons; or
(4) the department to compare the DNA profile obtained
from the biological evidence with DNA profiles in a database under
Section 420.043.
(f) The failure of a law enforcement agency or public
accredited crime laboratory to comply with the requirements of this
section does not constitute grounds in a criminal proceeding for:
(1) a defendant to challenge the validity of a DNA
match obtained by comparison under Section 420.043; or
(2) a court to exclude DNA evidence.
(g) A person accused or convicted of committing a sexual
assault or other sex offense against the survivor does not have
standing to object to the failure of a law enforcement agency or
public accredited crime laboratory to comply with the requirements
of this section. Failure of an agency or laboratory to comply with
the requirements of this section does not constitute grounds for
setting aside the conviction of a person convicted of committing a
sexual assault or other sex offense against the survivor.
Sec. 420.043. DATABASE COMPARISON REQUIRED. After [On the
request of any appropriate person and after] an evidence collection
kit containing biological evidence has been analyzed by an
accredited crime laboratory and any necessary quality assurance
reviews have been performed, the department shall compare the DNA
profile obtained from the biological evidence with DNA profiles
maintained in:
(1) state databases, including the DNA database
maintained under Subchapter G, Chapter 411, if the amount and
quality of the analyzed sample meet the requirements of the state
database comparison policies; and
(2) the CODIS DNA database established by the Federal
Bureau of Investigation, if the amount and quality of the analyzed
sample meet the requirements of the bureau's CODIS comparison
policies.
SECTION 6. (a) Except as provided by Subsections (b) and
(c) of this section, the changes in law made by this Act apply only
to sexual assault evidence and evidence of other sex offenses
collected on or after the effective date of this Act. Evidence
collected before the effective date of this Act is governed by the
law in effect on the date the evidence was collected, and the former
law is continued in effect for that purpose.
(b) The change in law made by this Act to Section
420.042(a), Government Code, applies only to sexual assault
evidence and evidence of other sex offenses received by a law
enforcement agency not earlier than the 14th day before the
effective date of this Act. Evidence received by a law enforcement
agency earlier than the 14th day before the effective date of this
Act is governed by the law in effect on the date the evidence was
received, and the former law is continued in effect for that
purpose.
(c) The change in law made by this Act to Section
420.042(c), Government Code, applies only to sexual assault
evidence and evidence of other sex offenses received by a public
accredited crime laboratory on or after the effective date of this
Act. Evidence received by a public accredited crime laboratory
before the effective date of this Act is governed by the law in
effect on the date the evidence was received, and the former law is
continued in effect for that purpose.
SECTION 7. This Act takes effect September 1, 2019.