Bill Text: NY S03127 | 2023-2024 | General Assembly | Introduced
Bill Title: Implements oral fluid tests which tests a person's saliva for the presence of cannabis.
Spectrum: Partisan Bill (Democrat 1-0)
Status: (Introduced) 2024-01-03 - REFERRED TO TRANSPORTATION [S03127 Detail]
Download: New_York-2023-S03127-Introduced.html
STATE OF NEW YORK ________________________________________________________________________ 3127 2023-2024 Regular Sessions IN SENATE January 27, 2023 ___________ Introduced by Sen. MANNION -- read twice and ordered printed, and when printed to be committed to the Committee on Transportation AN ACT to amend the vehicle and traffic law and the navigation law, in relation to implementing oral fluid tests The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assem- bly, do enact as follows: 1 Section 1. Subdivision 1 of section 1194 of the vehicle and traffic 2 law is amended by adding a new paragraph (c) to read as follows: 3 (c) Oral fluid test. (1) Definition. For the purposes of this article, 4 "oral fluid test" means a standardized preliminary saliva analysis test 5 validated by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration for the 6 detection of cannabis. A field sobriety test is considered an oral fluid 7 test if it is administered in substantial compliance with the standards 8 prescribed by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. 9 (2) Oral fluid test. Every person operating a motor vehicle which has 10 been involved in an accident or which is operated in violation of any of 11 the provisions of this chapter shall, at the request of a police offi- 12 cer, submit to an oral fluid test to be administered by the police offi- 13 cer. If such test indicates the presence of cannabis in the person's 14 saliva, the police officer may request such operator to submit to a 15 chemical test in the manner set forth in subdivision two of this 16 section. 17 § 2. Subparagraph 2 of paragraph (a) of subdivision 2 of section 1194 18 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by chapter 196 of the laws of 19 1996, is amended to read as follows: 20 (2) within two hours after a breath test, as provided in paragraph (b) 21 of subdivision one of this section, and/or an oral fluid test, as 22 provided in paragraph (c) of subdivision one of this section, indicates 23 that alcohol and/or cannabis has been consumed by such person and in 24 accordance with the rules and regulations established by the police 25 force of which the officer is a member; EXPLANATION--Matter in italics (underscored) is new; matter in brackets [] is old law to be omitted. LBD05316-01-3S. 3127 2 1 § 3. Subparagraph 1 of paragraph (b) of subdivision 2 of section 1194 2 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by chapter 489 of the laws of 3 2017 and clause (A) as amended by chapter 27 of the laws of 2018, is 4 amended to read as follows: 5 (1) If: (A) such person having been placed under arrest; or (B) after 6 a breath test indicates the presence of alcohol in the person's system; 7 or (C) after an oral fluid test indicates the presence of cannabis in 8 the person's saliva; or (D) with regard to a person under the age of 9 twenty-one, there are reasonable grounds to believe that such person has 10 been operating a motor vehicle after having consumed alcohol in 11 violation of section eleven hundred ninety-two-a of this article; and 12 having thereafter been requested to submit to such chemical test and 13 having been informed that the person's license or permit to drive and 14 any non-resident operating privilege shall be immediately suspended and 15 subsequently revoked, or, for operators under the age of twenty-one for 16 whom there are reasonable grounds to believe that such operator has been 17 operating a motor vehicle after having consumed alcohol in violation of 18 section eleven hundred ninety-two-a of this article, shall be revoked 19 for refusal to submit to such chemical test or any portion thereof, 20 whether or not the person is found guilty of the charge for which such 21 person is arrested or detained, refuses to submit to such chemical test 22 or any portion thereof, unless a court order has been granted pursuant 23 to subdivision three of this section, the test shall not be given and a 24 written report of such refusal shall be immediately made by the police 25 officer before whom such refusal was made. Such report may be verified 26 by having the report sworn to, or by affixing to such report a form 27 notice that false statements made therein are punishable as a class A 28 misdemeanor pursuant to section 210.45 of the penal law and such form 29 notice together with the subscription of the deponent shall constitute a 30 verification of the report. 31 § 4. Subparagraph 2 of paragraph (b) of subdivision 3 of section 1194 32 of the vehicle and traffic law, as added by chapter 47 of the laws of 33 1988, is amended to read as follows: 34 (2) a. either such person operated the vehicle in violation of any 35 subdivision of section eleven hundred ninety-two of this article, or 36 b. a breath test administered by a police officer in accordance with 37 paragraph (b) of subdivision one of this section indicates that alcohol 38 has been consumed by such person, or 39 c. an oral fluid test administered by a police officer in accordance 40 with paragraph (c) of subdivision one of this section indicates the 41 presence of cannabis in the person's saliva; and 42 § 5. The vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new section 43 1195-a to read as follows: 44 § 1195-a. Oral fluid test evidence. 1. Admissibility. Upon the trial 45 of any action or proceeding arising out of actions alleged to have been 46 committed by any person arrested for a violation of any subdivision of 47 section eleven hundred ninety-two of this article, the court shall admit 48 the results of an oral fluid test pursuant to the provisions of section 49 eleven hundred ninety-four of this article. 50 2. Probative value. The following effect shall be given to evidence of 51 cannabis consumption, as determined by such tests, of a person arrested 52 for a violation of section eleven hundred ninety-two of this article: 53 (a) To assist the court or hearing officer in determining a challenge 54 to the validity of an arrest. This subdivision does not limit the intro- 55 duction of other competent evidence offered to establish the validity of 56 an arrest.S. 3127 3 1 (b) As evidence of the presence or nonpresence of cannabis in the 2 defendant's saliva if offered by the defendant to rebut testimony elic- 3 ited on cross-examination of a defense witness that an oral fluid test 4 of the defendant's saliva showed the presence of cannabis that was not 5 found to be present when a chemical test of the defendant's blood or 6 urine was administered under section eleven hundred ninety-four of this 7 article. 8 (c) As evidence of the presence or nonpresence of cannabis in the 9 defendant's saliva if offered by the prosecution to rebut testimony 10 elicited on cross-examination of a prosecution witness that an oral 11 fluid test of the defendant's saliva showed no presence of cannabis that 12 was found to be present when a chemical test of the defendant's blood or 13 urine was administered under section eleven hundred ninety-four of this 14 article. 15 3. Suppression. A defendant who has been compelled to submit to an 16 oral fluid test pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (c) of subdivi- 17 sion one of section eleven hundred ninety-four of this article may move 18 for the suppression of such evidence in accordance with article seven 19 hundred ten of the criminal procedure law on the grounds that the order 20 was obtained and the test administered in violation of the provisions of 21 such subdivision or any other applicable law. 22 § 6. Subdivision 6 of section 49-a of the navigation law is amended by 23 adding a new paragraph (c) to read as follows: 24 (c) Oral fluid test. (1) Definition. For the purposes of this article, 25 "oral fluid test" means a standardized preliminary saliva analysis test 26 validated by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration for the 27 detection of cannabis. A field sobriety test is considered an oral fluid 28 test if it is administered in substantial compliance with the standards 29 prescribed by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. 30 (2) Oral fluid test. Every person operating a vessel on the waters of 31 the state which has been involved in an accident or which is operated in 32 violation of any of the provisions of this section shall, at the request 33 of a police officer, submit to an oral fluid test to be administered by 34 the police officer. If such test indicates the presence of cannabis in 35 the person's saliva, the police officer may request such operator to 36 submit to a chemical test in the manner set forth in subdivision seven 37 of this section. 38 § 7. Paragraphs (a) and (b) of subdivision 7 of section 49-a of the 39 navigation law, as added by chapter 805 of the laws of 1992, are amended 40 to read as follows: 41 (a) Any person who operates a vessel on the waters of the state shall 42 be requested to consent to a chemical test of one or more of the follow- 43 ing: breath, blood, urine, or saliva for the purpose of determining the 44 alcoholic or drug content of his blood, provided that such test is 45 administered at the direction of a police officer: (1) having reasonable 46 cause to believe such person to have been operating in violation of this 47 subdivision or paragraph (a), (b), (c), (d) or (e) of subdivision two of 48 this section and within two hours after such person has been placed 49 under arrest for any such violation or (2) within two hours after a 50 breath test as provided in paragraph (b) of subdivision six of this 51 section indicates that alcohol has been consumed by such person or (3) 52 within two hours after an oral fluid test as provided in paragraph (c) 53 of subdivision six of this section indicates the presence of cannabis in 54 the person's saliva and in accordance with the rules and regulations 55 established by the police force of which the officer is a member.S. 3127 4 1 (b) If such person having been placed under arrest or after a breath 2 test indicates the presence of alcohol in the person's system or after 3 an oral fluid test indicates the presence of cannabis in the person's 4 saliva and having thereafter been requested to submit to such chemical 5 test and having been informed that the person's privilege to operate a 6 vessel shall be immediately suspended for refusal to submit to such 7 chemical test or any portion thereof, whether or not the person is found 8 guilty of the charge for which such person is arrested, refuses to 9 submit to such chemical test or any portion thereof, unless a court 10 order has been granted pursuant to subdivision eight of this section, 11 the test shall not be given and a written report of such refusal shall 12 be immediately made by the police officer before whom such refusal was 13 made. Such report may be verified by having the report sworn to, or by 14 affixing to such report a form notice that false statements made therein 15 are punishable as a class A misdemeanor pursuant to section 210.45 of 16 the penal law and such form notice together with the subscription of the 17 deponent shall constitute a verification of the report. The report of 18 the police officer shall set forth reasonable grounds to believe such 19 arrested person to have been operating a vessel in violation of any 20 paragraph of subdivision two of this section, that said person had 21 refused to submit to such chemical test, and that no chemical test was 22 administered pursuant to the requirements of subdivision eight of this 23 section. The report shall be presented to the court upon the arraignment 24 of the arrested person. The privilege to operate a vessel shall, upon 25 the basis of such written report, be temporarily suspended by the court 26 without notice pending the determination of a hearing as provided here- 27 in. Copies of such report must be transmitted by the court to the 28 commissioner of parks, recreation and historic preservation and the 29 commissioner of motor vehicles and such transmittal may not be waived 30 even with the consent of all the parties. Such report shall be forwarded 31 to each commissioner within forty-eight hours of such arraignment. The 32 court shall provide such person with a hearing date schedule, a waiver 33 form, and such other information as may be required by the commissioner 34 of motor vehicles. If a hearing, as provided for in paragraph (c) of 35 this subdivision, is waived by such person, the commissioner of motor 36 vehicles shall immediately suspend the privilege to operate a vessel, as 37 of the date of receipt of such waiver in accordance with the provisions 38 of paragraph (d) of this subdivision. 39 § 8. Paragraph (a) of subdivision 7 of section 49-a of the navigation 40 law, as amended by chapter 688 of the laws of 2022, is amended to read 41 as follows: 42 (a) Any person who operates a vessel on the waters of the state shall 43 be requested to consent to a chemical test of one or more of the follow- 44 ing: breath, blood, urine, or saliva for the purpose of determining the 45 alcoholic or drug content of [his] the person's blood, provided that 46 such test is administered at the direction of a police officer: (1) 47 having reasonable cause to believe such person to have been operating in 48 violation of this subdivision or paragraph (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) or 49 (e-1) of subdivision two of this section and within two hours after such 50 person has been placed under arrest for any such violation or (2) within 51 two hours after a breath test as provided in paragraph (b) of subdivi- 52 sion six of this section indicates that alcohol has been consumed by 53 such person or (3) within two hours after an oral fluid test as provided 54 in paragraph (c) of subdivision six of this section indicates the pres- 55 ence of cannabis in the person's saliva and in accordance with the rulesS. 3127 5 1 and regulations established by the police force of which the officer is 2 a member. 3 § 9. Subparagraph 2 of paragraph (b) of subdivision 8 of section 49-a 4 of the navigation law, as added by chapter 805 of the laws of 1992, is 5 amended to read as follows: 6 (2) (i) either such person operated the vessel in violation of any 7 paragraph of subdivision two of this section, or 8 (ii) a breath test administered by a police officer in accordance with 9 subdivision six of this section indicates that alcohol has been consumed 10 by such person, or 11 (iii) an oral fluid test administered by a police officer in accord- 12 ance with subdivision six of this section indicates the presence of 13 cannabis in the person's saliva; and 14 § 10. This act shall take effect on the ninetieth day after it shall 15 have become a law; provided, however, that section eight of this act 16 shall take effect on the same date and in the same manner as section 3 17 of chapter 688 of the laws of 2022, takes effect. Effective immediate- 18 ly, the addition, amendment and/or repeal of any rule or regulation 19 necessary for the implementation of this act on its effective date are 20 authorized to be made and completed on or before such effective date.
