Bill Text: TX SB1455 | 2019-2020 | 86th Legislature | Introduced
NOTE: There are more recent revisions of this legislation. Read Latest Draft
Bill Title: Relating to the state virtual school network; changing a fee.
Spectrum: Partisan Bill (Republican 5-0)
Status: (Engrossed - Dead) 2019-05-07 - Left pending in committee [SB1455 Detail]
Download: Texas-2019-SB1455-Introduced.html
Bill Title: Relating to the state virtual school network; changing a fee.
Spectrum: Partisan Bill (Republican 5-0)
Status: (Engrossed - Dead) 2019-05-07 - Left pending in committee [SB1455 Detail]
Download: Texas-2019-SB1455-Introduced.html
86R7379 MP-F | ||
By: Taylor | S.B. No. 1455 |
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relating to the state virtual school network; changing a fee. | ||
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS: | ||
SECTION 1. Section 1.001(b), Education Code, is amended to | ||
read as follows: | ||
(b) Except as provided by Chapter 18, Chapter 19, Subchapter | ||
A of Chapter 29, Subchapter E of Chapter 30, or Chapter 30B [ |
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this code does not apply to students, facilities, or programs under | ||
the jurisdiction of the Department of Aging and Disability | ||
Services, the Department of State Health Services, the Health and | ||
Human Services Commission, the Texas Juvenile Justice Department, | ||
the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, a Job Corps program | ||
operated by or under contract with the United States Department of | ||
Labor, or any juvenile probation agency. | ||
SECTION 2. Section 7.0561(f), Education Code, is amended to | ||
read as follows: | ||
(f) In consultation with interested school districts, | ||
open-enrollment charter schools, and other appropriate interested | ||
persons, the commissioner shall adopt rules applicable to the | ||
consortium, according to the following principles for a next | ||
generation of higher performing public schools: | ||
(1) engagement of students in digital learning, | ||
including engagement through the use of electronic textbooks and | ||
instructional materials adopted under Subchapters B and B-1, | ||
Chapter 31, and courses offered through the state virtual school | ||
network under Chapter 30B [ |
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(2) emphasis on learning standards that focus on | ||
high-priority standards identified in coordination with districts | ||
and charter schools participating in the consortium; | ||
(3) use of multiple assessments of learning capable of | ||
being used to inform students, parents, districts, and charter | ||
schools on an ongoing basis concerning the extent to which learning | ||
is occurring and the actions consortium participants are taking to | ||
improve learning; and | ||
(4) reliance on local control that enables communities | ||
and parents to be involved in the important decisions regarding the | ||
education of their children. | ||
SECTION 3. Section 12.101(a), Education Code, is amended to | ||
read as follows: | ||
(a) In accordance with this subchapter, the commissioner | ||
may grant a charter on the application of an eligible entity for an | ||
open-enrollment charter school to operate in a facility of a | ||
commercial or nonprofit entity, an eligible entity, or a school | ||
district, including a home-rule school district. In this | ||
subsection, "eligible entity" means: | ||
(1) an institution of higher education as defined | ||
under Section 61.003; | ||
(2) a private or independent institution of higher | ||
education as defined under Section 61.003; | ||
(3) an organization that is exempt from taxation under | ||
Section 501(c)(3), Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. Section | ||
501(c)(3)); [ |
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(4) a governmental entity; or | ||
(5) a private entity or corporation for the purposes | ||
of operating a full-time virtual school. | ||
SECTION 4. Subchapter D, Chapter 12, Education Code, is | ||
amended by adding Section 12.1016 to read as follows: | ||
Sec. 12.1016. CHARTER AUTHORIZATION FOR FULL-TIME VIRTUAL | ||
SCHOOL. (a) Except as provided by Subsection (b), the commissioner | ||
may grant under Section 12.101 a charter on the application of a | ||
private entity or corporation to provide a full-time virtual | ||
school. | ||
(b) The commissioner may not grant a charter as authorized | ||
under this section to a private entity or corporation that has been | ||
subject to a contract revocation under Section 30B.210. | ||
(c) A charter granted under this section may not provide for | ||
operating a school in any manner other than a full-time virtual | ||
school. | ||
(d) In granting a charter under this section, the | ||
commissioner may modify any provision of this subchapter to: | ||
(1) accommodate lack of geographical placement; and | ||
(2) impose additional requirements to ensure | ||
accountability, access to information, and security of funding. | ||
SECTION 5. Section 25.007(b), Education Code, is amended to | ||
read as follows: | ||
(b) In recognition of the challenges faced by students who | ||
are homeless or in substitute care, the agency shall assist the | ||
transition of students who are homeless or in substitute care from | ||
one school to another by: | ||
(1) ensuring that school records for a student who is | ||
homeless or in substitute care are transferred to the student's new | ||
school not later than the 10th working day after the date the | ||
student begins enrollment at the school; | ||
(2) developing systems to ease transition of a student | ||
who is homeless or in substitute care during the first two weeks of | ||
enrollment at a new school; | ||
(3) developing procedures for awarding credit, | ||
including partial credit if appropriate, for course work, including | ||
electives, completed by a student who is homeless or in substitute | ||
care while enrolled at another school; | ||
(4) developing procedures to ensure that a new school | ||
relies on decisions made by the previous school regarding placement | ||
in courses or educational programs of a student who is homeless or | ||
in substitute care and places the student in comparable courses or | ||
educational programs at the new school, if those courses or | ||
programs are available; | ||
(5) promoting practices that facilitate access by a | ||
student who is homeless or in substitute care to extracurricular | ||
programs, summer programs, credit transfer services, electronic | ||
courses provided under Chapter 30B [ |
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programs at nominal or no cost; | ||
(6) establishing procedures to lessen the adverse | ||
impact of the movement of a student who is homeless or in substitute | ||
care to a new school; | ||
(7) entering into a memorandum of understanding with | ||
the Department of Family and Protective Services regarding the | ||
exchange of information as appropriate to facilitate the transition | ||
of students in substitute care from one school to another; | ||
(8) encouraging school districts and open-enrollment | ||
charter schools to provide services for a student who is homeless or | ||
in substitute care in transition when applying for admission to | ||
postsecondary study and when seeking sources of funding for | ||
postsecondary study; | ||
(9) requiring school districts, campuses, and | ||
open-enrollment charter schools to accept a referral for special | ||
education services made for a student who is homeless or in | ||
substitute care by a school previously attended by the student, and | ||
to provide comparable services to the student during the referral | ||
process or until the new school develops an individualized | ||
education program for the student; | ||
(10) requiring school districts, campuses, and | ||
open-enrollment charter schools to provide notice to the child's | ||
educational decision-maker and caseworker regarding events that | ||
may significantly impact the education of a child, including: | ||
(A) requests or referrals for an evaluation under | ||
Section 504, Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. Section 794), or | ||
special education under Section 29.003; | ||
(B) admission, review, and dismissal committee | ||
meetings; | ||
(C) manifestation determination reviews required | ||
by Section 37.004(b); | ||
(D) any disciplinary actions under Chapter 37 for | ||
which parental notice is required; | ||
(E) citations issued for Class C misdemeanor | ||
offenses on school property or at school-sponsored activities; | ||
(F) reports of restraint and seclusion required | ||
by Section 37.0021; and | ||
(G) use of corporal punishment as provided by | ||
Section 37.0011; | ||
(11) developing procedures for allowing a student who | ||
is homeless or in substitute care who was previously enrolled in a | ||
course required for graduation the opportunity, to the extent | ||
practicable, to complete the course, at no cost to the student, | ||
before the beginning of the next school year; | ||
(12) ensuring that a student who is homeless or in | ||
substitute care who is not likely to receive a high school diploma | ||
before the fifth school year following the student's enrollment in | ||
grade nine, as determined by the district, has the student's course | ||
credit accrual and personal graduation plan reviewed; | ||
(13) ensuring that a student in substitute care who is | ||
in grade 11 or 12 be provided information regarding tuition and fee | ||
exemptions under Section 54.366 for dual-credit or other courses | ||
provided by a public institution of higher education for which a | ||
high school student may earn joint high school and college credit; | ||
(14) designating at least one agency employee to act | ||
as a liaison officer regarding educational issues related to | ||
students in the conservatorship of the Department of Family and | ||
Protective Services; and | ||
(15) providing other assistance as identified by the | ||
agency. | ||
SECTION 6. Section 26.0031, Education Code, is amended to | ||
read as follows: | ||
Sec. 26.0031. RIGHTS CONCERNING STATE VIRTUAL SCHOOL | ||
NETWORK STATEWIDE COURSE CATALOG. (a) At the time and in the | ||
manner that a school district or open-enrollment charter school | ||
informs students and parents about courses that are offered in the | ||
district's or school's traditional classroom setting, the district | ||
or school shall notify parents and students of the option to enroll | ||
in an electronic course offered through the state virtual school | ||
network statewide course catalog under Chapter 30B [ |
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(b) Except as provided by Subsection (c), a school district | ||
or open-enrollment charter school in which a student is enrolled as | ||
a full-time student may not deny the request of a parent of a | ||
student to enroll the student in an electronic course offered | ||
through the state virtual school network statewide course catalog | ||
under Chapter 30B [ |
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(c) A school district or open-enrollment charter school may | ||
deny a request to enroll a student in an electronic course if: | ||
(1) a student attempts to enroll in a course load that | ||
is inconsistent with the student's high school graduation plan or | ||
requirements for college admission or earning an industry | ||
certification; or | ||
(2) the student requests permission to enroll in an | ||
electronic course at a time that is not consistent with the | ||
enrollment period established by the school district or | ||
open-enrollment charter school providing the course[ |
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(d) Notwithstanding Subsection (c)(2), a school district or | ||
open-enrollment charter school that provides an electronic course | ||
through the state virtual school network statewide course catalog | ||
under Chapter 30B [ |
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accommodate the enrollment of a student in the course under special | ||
circumstances. | ||
(e) A parent may appeal to the commissioner a school | ||
district's or open-enrollment charter school's decision to deny a | ||
request to enroll a student in an electronic course offered through | ||
the state virtual school network statewide course catalog. The | ||
commissioner's decision under this subsection is final and may not | ||
be appealed. | ||
(f) A school district or open-enrollment charter school | ||
from which a parent of a student requests permission to enroll the | ||
student in an electronic course offered through the state virtual | ||
school network statewide course catalog under Chapter 30B [ |
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discretion to select a course provider approved by the network's | ||
administering authority for the course in which the student will | ||
enroll based on factors including the informed choice report in | ||
Section 30B.112(b) [ |
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SECTION 7. Subtitle F, Title 2, Education Code, is amended | ||
by adding Chapter 30B, and a heading is added to that chapter to | ||
read as follows: | ||
CHAPTER 30B. STATE VIRTUAL SCHOOL NETWORK STATEWIDE COURSE CATALOG | ||
AND FULL-TIME VIRTUAL SCHOOLS | ||
SECTION 8. Chapter 30B, Education Code, as added by this | ||
Act, is amended by adding Subchapter A, and a heading is added to | ||
that subchapter to read as follows: | ||
SUBCHAPTER A. GENERAL PROVISIONS | ||
SECTION 9. Section 30A.001, Education Code, is transferred | ||
to Subchapter A, Chapter 30B, Education Code, as added by this Act, | ||
redesignated as Section 30B.001, Education Code, and amended to | ||
read as follows: | ||
Sec. 30B.001 [ |
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(1) "Administering authority" means the Texas | ||
Education Agency [ |
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(2) "Board" means the State Board of Education. | ||
(3) "Course" means a course of study that meets the | ||
requirements of Section 30B.105 [ |
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(4) "Electronic course" means a course in which: | ||
(A) instruction and content are delivered | ||
primarily over the Internet; | ||
(B) a student and teacher are in different | ||
locations for a majority of the student's instructional period; | ||
(C) most instructional activities take place in | ||
an online environment; | ||
(D) the online instructional activities are | ||
integral to the academic program; | ||
(E) extensive communication between a student | ||
and a teacher and among students is emphasized; and | ||
(F) a student is not required to be located on the | ||
physical premises of a school district or open-enrollment charter | ||
school. | ||
(5) [ |
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means a professional development course in which instruction and | ||
content are delivered primarily over the Internet. | ||
(6) "Full-time virtual school" means a campus | ||
authorized by the commissioner to provide a full-time virtual | ||
school program to students enrolled in that district or school. | ||
(7) "Course provider" means: | ||
(A) a school district or open-enrollment charter | ||
school that provides an electronic course through the statewide | ||
course catalog [ |
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(i) students enrolled in that district or | ||
school; or | ||
(ii) students enrolled in another school | ||
district or school; | ||
(B) a public or private institution of higher | ||
education, nonprofit entity, or private entity that provides a | ||
course through the statewide course catalog [ |
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(C) an entity that provides an electronic | ||
professional development course through the state virtual school | ||
network. | ||
(8) "Public or private institution of higher | ||
education" means a private or independent institution of higher | ||
education as defined by Section 61.003 [ |
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(9) "Statewide course catalog" means a program of | ||
supplemental courses offered by state-approved course providers | ||
that is delivered through the state virtual school network. | ||
SECTION 10. Section 30A.002, Education Code, is transferred | ||
to Subchapter A, Chapter 30B, Education Code, as added by this Act, | ||
redesignated as Section 30B.002, Education Code, and amended to | ||
read as follows: | ||
Sec. 30B.002 [ |
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student is eligible to enroll in a course provided through the | ||
statewide course catalog or in a full-time [ |
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(1) the student [ |
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school in this state; or | ||
(2) the student does not qualify under Subdivision | ||
(1), including a student who is an adult or who resides in another | ||
state or country, and the student pays fees in accordance with this | ||
subchapter. | ||
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SECTION 11. Section 30A.003, Education Code, is transferred | ||
to Subchapter A, Chapter 30B, Education Code, as added by this Act, | ||
redesignated as Section 30B.003, Education Code, and amended to | ||
read as follows: | ||
Sec. 30B.003 [ |
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INTERNET SERVICE. This chapter does not: | ||
(1) require a school district, an open-enrollment | ||
charter school, a course provider, a full-time virtual school, or | ||
the state to provide a student with home computer equipment or | ||
Internet access for a course provided through the state virtual | ||
school network; or | ||
(2) prohibit a school district or open-enrollment | ||
charter school from providing a student with home computer | ||
equipment or Internet access for a course provided through the | ||
state virtual school network. | ||
SECTION 12. Section 30A.004, Education Code, is transferred | ||
to Subchapter A, Chapter 30B, Education Code, as added by this Act, | ||
redesignated as Section 30B.004, Education Code, and amended to | ||
read as follows: | ||
Sec. 30B.004 [ |
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Except as provided by Subsection (c), this chapter does not affect | ||
the provision of a course to a student while the student is located | ||
on the physical premises of a school district or open-enrollment | ||
charter school. | ||
(b) [ |
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apply to a virtual course provided by a school district only to | ||
district students if the course is not provided as part of the state | ||
virtual school network. | ||
(c) A school district or open-enrollment charter school may | ||
choose to participate in providing an electronic course or an | ||
electronic diagnostic assessment under this chapter to a student | ||
who is located on the physical premises of a school district or | ||
open-enrollment charter school. | ||
SECTION 13. Section 30A.005, Education Code, is transferred | ||
to Subchapter A, Chapter 30B, Education Code, as added by this Act, | ||
and redesignated as Section 30B.005, Education Code, to read as | ||
follows: | ||
Sec. 30B.005 [ |
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SERVICES NETWORK NOT CREATED. This chapter does not create or | ||
authorize the creation of a telecommunications or information | ||
services network. | ||
SECTION 14. Section 30A.007, Education Code, is transferred | ||
to Subchapter A, Chapter 30B, Education Code, as added by this Act, | ||
redesignated as Section 30B.006, Education Code, and amended to | ||
read as follows: | ||
Sec. 30B.006 [ |
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COURSES. (a) A school district or open-enrollment charter school | ||
shall adopt a written policy that provides district or school | ||
students with the opportunity to enroll in electronic courses | ||
provided through the statewide course catalog [ |
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imposed by Section 26.0031. | ||
(b) [ |
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school shall, at least once per school year, send to a parent of | ||
each district or school student enrolled at the middle or high | ||
school level a copy of the policy adopted under Subsection (a). A | ||
district or school may send the policy with any other information | ||
that the district or school sends to a parent. | ||
(c) [ |
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(a), the determination of whether or not an electronic course will | ||
meet the needs of a student with a disability shall be made by the | ||
student's admission, review, and dismissal committee in a manner | ||
consistent with state and federal law, including the Individuals | ||
with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C. Section 1400 et seq.) | ||
and Section 504, Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. Section | ||
794). | ||
SECTION 15. Subchapter A, Chapter 30B, Education Code, as | ||
added by this Act, is amended by adding Section 30B.007 to read as | ||
follows: | ||
Sec. 30B.007. GRANTS AND FEDERAL FUNDS. (a) The | ||
commissioner may solicit and accept a gift, grant, or donation from | ||
any source for the implementation of the statewide course catalog | ||
and full-time virtual schools. | ||
(b) The commissioner may accept federal funds for purposes | ||
of this chapter and shall use those funds in compliance with | ||
applicable federal law, regulations, and guidelines. | ||
SECTION 16. Chapter 30B, Education Code, as added by this | ||
Act, is amended by adding Subchapter B, and a heading is added to | ||
that subchapter to read as follows: | ||
SUBCHAPTER B. ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS | ||
SECTION 17. Section 30A.051, Education Code, is transferred | ||
to Subchapter B, Chapter 30B, Education Code, as added by this Act, | ||
redesignated as Section 30B.051, Education Code, and amended to | ||
read as follows: | ||
Sec. 30B.051 [ |
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commissioner shall: | ||
(1) administer the state virtual school network | ||
statewide course catalog and full-time virtual schools; and | ||
(2) ensure: | ||
(A) high-quality education for students in this | ||
state who are being educated through electronic courses provided | ||
through the statewide course catalog or a full-time virtual school | ||
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(B) equitable access by students to those courses | ||
and schools. | ||
(b) The commissioner may adopt rules necessary to implement | ||
this chapter. | ||
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SECTION 18. Section 30A.052, Education Code, is transferred | ||
to Subchapter B, Chapter 30B, Education Code, as added by this Act, | ||
redesignated as Section 30B.052, Education Code, and amended to | ||
read as follows: | ||
Sec. 30B.052 [ |
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COMMISSIONER. (a) The commissioner shall prepare or provide for | ||
preparation of a biennial budget request for the state virtual | ||
school network statewide course catalog and full-time virtual | ||
schools for presentation to the legislature. | ||
(b) The commissioner has exclusive jurisdiction over the | ||
assets of the network and shall administer and spend appropriations | ||
made for the benefit of the network. | ||
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SECTION 19. Section 30A.054, Education Code, is transferred | ||
to Subchapter B, Chapter 30B, Education Code, as added by this Act, | ||
redesignated as Section 30B.053, Education Code, and amended to | ||
read as follows: | ||
Sec. 30B.053 [ |
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To the extent permitted under the Family Educational Rights and | ||
Privacy Act of 1974 (20 U.S.C. Section 1232g), the commissioner | ||
shall make information relating to the performance of students | ||
enrolled in electronic courses through the statewide course catalog | ||
or a full-time virtual school under this chapter available to | ||
school districts, open-enrollment charter schools, and the public. | ||
SECTION 20. Chapter 30B, Education Code, as added by this | ||
Act, is amended by adding Subchapter C, and a heading is added to | ||
that subchapter to read as follows: | ||
SUBCHAPTER C. STATEWIDE COURSE CATALOG | ||
SECTION 21. Section 30A.101, Education Code, is transferred | ||
to Subchapter C, Chapter 30B, Education Code, as added by this Act, | ||
redesignated as Section 30B.101, Education Code, and amended to | ||
read as follows: | ||
Sec. 30B.101 [ |
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PROVIDER. (a) A school district or open-enrollment charter school | ||
is eligible to act as a course provider through the statewide course | ||
catalog [ |
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receives an overall performance rating of C or higher [ |
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(b) [ |
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nonprofit entity, private entity, or corporation is eligible to act | ||
as a course provider through the statewide course catalog [ |
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(1) complies with all applicable federal and state | ||
laws prohibiting discrimination; | ||
(2) demonstrates financial solvency; [ |
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(3) provides evidence of prior successful experience | ||
offering online courses to [ |
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demonstrated student success in course completion and performance, | ||
as determined by the commissioner; and | ||
(4) complies with any other criteria established by | ||
the commissioner. | ||
(c) The entity where the student is enrolled has sole | ||
authority [ |
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credit or a diploma for courses taken through the statewide course | ||
catalog [ |
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(d) This section may not be waived by the commissioner. | ||
SECTION 22. Sections 30A.102, 30A.1021, 30A.103, 30A.104, | ||
and 30A.1041, Education Code, are transferred to Subchapter C, | ||
Chapter 30B, Education Code, as added by this Act, redesignated as | ||
Sections 30B.102, 30B.103, 30B.104, 30B.105, and 30B.106, | ||
Education Code, and amended to read as follows: | ||
Sec. 30B.102 [ |
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(a) The administering authority shall: | ||
(1) publish the criteria required by Section 30B.104 | ||
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statewide course catalog [ |
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(2) using the criteria required by Section 30B.104 | ||
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provider to be offered through the statewide course catalog | ||
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(3) create a list of electronic courses approved by | ||
the administering authority; and | ||
(4) publish in a prominent location on the state | ||
virtual school network's Internet website the list of approved | ||
electronic courses offered through the statewide course catalog | ||
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with Section 30B.112 [ |
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(b) To ensure that a full range of electronic courses, | ||
including advanced placement courses, are offered to students in | ||
this state, the administering authority: | ||
(1) shall create a list of those subjects and courses | ||
designated by the board under Subchapter A, Chapter 28, for which | ||
the board has identified essential knowledge and skills or for | ||
which the board has designated content requirements under | ||
Subchapter A, Chapter 28; | ||
(2) shall enter into agreements with school districts, | ||
open-enrollment charter schools, public or private institutions of | ||
higher education, and other eligible entities for the purpose of | ||
offering the courses through the statewide course catalog [ |
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(3) may develop or authorize the development of | ||
additional electronic courses that: | ||
(A) are needed to complete high school graduation | ||
requirements; and | ||
(B) are not otherwise available through the | ||
statewide course catalog; and | ||
(4) may develop or authorize the development of an | ||
orientation course [ |
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(c) The administering authority shall develop a | ||
comprehensive course numbering system for all courses offered | ||
through the statewide course catalog [ |
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to ensure, to the greatest extent possible, consistent numbering of | ||
similar courses offered across all course providers. | ||
Sec. 30B.103 [ |
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REGARDING ELECTRONIC COURSES. (a) The administering authority | ||
shall provide students who have completed or withdrawn from | ||
electronic courses offered through the statewide course catalog | ||
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providing comments regarding the courses. | ||
(b) The mechanism required by Subsection (a) must include a | ||
quantitative rating system and a list of verbal descriptors that a | ||
student or parent may select as appropriate. | ||
(c) The administering authority shall provide public access | ||
to the comments submitted by students and parents under this | ||
section. The comments must be in a format that permits a person to | ||
sort the comments by teacher, electronic course, and course | ||
provider. | ||
Sec. 30B.104 [ |
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(a) The commissioner [ |
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standard criteria for an electronic course to ensure alignment with | ||
the essential knowledge and skills requirements identified or | ||
content requirements established under Subchapter A, Chapter 28. | ||
The criteria may not permit the administering authority to prohibit | ||
a course provider from applying for approval for an electronic | ||
course for a course for which essential knowledge and skills have | ||
been identified. | ||
(b) The criteria must be consistent with Section 30B.105 | ||
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developmentally inappropriate for students. | ||
(c) The commissioner by rule may: | ||
(1) establish additional quality-related criteria for | ||
electronic courses; and | ||
(2) provide for a period of public comment regarding | ||
the criteria. | ||
(d) The criteria must be in place at least six months before | ||
the administering authority uses the criteria in evaluating an | ||
electronic course under Section 30B.107 [ |
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Sec. 30B.105 [ |
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(a) A course offered through the statewide course catalog [ |
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(1) be in a specific subject that is part of the | ||
required curriculum under Section 28.002(a); | ||
(2) be aligned with the essential knowledge and skills | ||
identified under Section 28.002(c) for the [ |
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(3) be the equivalent in instructional rigor and scope | ||
to a course that is provided in a traditional classroom setting | ||
during a semester of 90 instructional days. | ||
(b) If the essential knowledge and skills with which an | ||
approved course is aligned in accordance with Subsection (a)(2) are | ||
modified, the course provider must be provided the same [ |
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period to revise the course to achieve alignment with the modified | ||
essential knowledge and skills as is provided for the modification | ||
of a course provided in a traditional classroom setting. | ||
Sec. 30B.106 [ |
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school district, open-enrollment charter school, public or private | ||
institution of higher education, or other eligible entity may seek | ||
approval to offer through the statewide course catalog [ |
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and traffic safety course that complies with the requirements for | ||
the program developed under Section 29.902. | ||
(b) A school district, open-enrollment charter school, | ||
public or private institution of higher education, or other | ||
eligible entity may not offer through the statewide course catalog | ||
[ |
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education and traffic safety course. | ||
(c) A driver education and traffic safety course offered in | ||
compliance with this section must be the equivalent in | ||
instructional rigor and scope to a course that is provided in a | ||
traditional classroom setting for a period of 56 hours. | ||
SECTION 23. Section 30A.105, Education Code, is transferred | ||
to Subchapter C, Chapter 30B, Education Code, as added by this Act, | ||
redesignated as Section 30B.107, Education Code, and amended to | ||
read as follows: | ||
Sec. 30B.107 [ |
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(a) The administering authority shall: | ||
(1) establish a submission and approval process for | ||
electronic courses that occurs on a rolling basis; and | ||
(2) provide for the evaluation of [ |
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electronic courses to be offered through the statewide course | ||
catalog [ |
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(b) [ |
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submission and approval process for electronic courses established | ||
under Subsection (a)(1), including any deadlines and guidelines | ||
applicable to the process. | ||
(c) [ |
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must include review of each electronic course component, including | ||
off-line material proposed to be used in the course. | ||
(d) [ |
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cost of providing an electronic course approved under Subsection | ||
(a)[ |
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(e) The [ |
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school district, open-enrollment charter school, public or private | ||
institution of higher education, or other eligible entity that | ||
submits a [ |
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[ |
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approving the course in order to ensure that evaluation of the | ||
course occurs. The agency shall establish and publish a fee | ||
schedule for purposes of this subsection. | ||
(f) [ |
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course provider to apply for renewed approval of a previously | ||
approved course in accordance with a schedule designed to coincide | ||
with revisions to the required curriculum under Section 28.002(a) | ||
but not later than the 10th anniversary of the previous approval. | ||
SECTION 24. Section 30A.1051, Education Code, is | ||
transferred to Subchapter C, Chapter 30B, Education Code, as added | ||
by this Act, and redesignated as Section 30B.108, Education Code, | ||
to read as follows: | ||
Sec. 30B.108 [ |
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student who transfers from one educational setting to another after | ||
beginning enrollment in an electronic course is entitled to | ||
continue enrollment in the course. | ||
SECTION 25. Sections 30A.1052, 30A.106, 30A.107, 30A.108, | ||
30A.109, 30A.110, and 30A.111, Education Code, are transferred to | ||
Subchapter C, Chapter 30B, Education Code, as added by this Act, | ||
redesignated as Sections 30B.109, 30B.110, 30B.111, 30B.112, | ||
30B.113, 30B.114, and 30B.115, Education Code, and amended to read | ||
as follows: | ||
Sec. 30B.109 [ |
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PROHIBITED. (a) A course provider may not promise or provide | ||
equipment or any other thing of value to a student or a student's | ||
parent as an inducement for the student to enroll in an electronic | ||
course offered through the statewide course catalog [ |
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(b) The commissioner shall revoke approval under this | ||
chapter of electronic courses offered by a course provider that | ||
violates this section. | ||
(c) The commissioner's action under this section is final | ||
and may not be appealed. | ||
Sec. 30B.110 [ |
||
course provider may appeal to the commissioner the administering | ||
authority's refusal to approve an electronic course under Section | ||
30B.107 [ |
||
(b) If the commissioner determines that the administering | ||
authority's evaluation did not follow the criteria or was otherwise | ||
irregular, the commissioner may overrule the administering | ||
authority and place the course on a list of approved courses. The | ||
commissioner's decision under this section is final and may not be | ||
appealed. | ||
Sec. 30B.111 [ |
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STUDENTS. (a) A student who does not qualify under Section | ||
30B.002(1) may take one or more electronic courses through the | ||
statewide course catalog if the student pays the fees for the course | ||
in accordance with Section 30B.123 [ |
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[ |
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[ |
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(b) A student who is enrolled in a school district or | ||
open-enrollment charter school in this state [ |
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virtual school network. | ||
(c) A student who resides in this state but who is not | ||
enrolled in a school district or open-enrollment charter school in | ||
this state [ |
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[ |
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course catalog [ |
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this subsection applies: | ||
(1) [ |
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[ |
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public school campus but shall be considered for purposes of: | ||
(A) accountability in accordance with Section | ||
30B.114; and | ||
(B) state funding as provided by Section 30B.122 | ||
[ |
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(2) [ |
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through the statewide course catalog [ |
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district or open-enrollment charter school [ |
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(3) [ |
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offered by a school district or open-enrollment charter school | ||
other than an electronic course provided through the statewide | ||
course catalog [ |
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(4) [ |
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activities, or services available to a student enrolled in a public | ||
school, other than the right to receive the appropriate unit of | ||
credit for completing an electronic course. | ||
(d) A school district or open-enrollment charter school may | ||
not require a student to enroll in an electronic course. | ||
(e) A school district or open-enrollment charter school | ||
shall require students to take a student orientation course to | ||
access the state virtual school network. | ||
Sec. 30B.112 [ |
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later than a date determined by the commissioner, the administering | ||
authority shall create and maintain on the state virtual school | ||
network's Internet website an "informed choice" report as provided | ||
by commissioner rule. | ||
(b) Each report under this section must describe each | ||
electronic course offered through the statewide course catalog | ||
[ |
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information: | ||
(1) course requirements; | ||
(2) the school year calendar for the course, including | ||
any options for continued participation outside of the standard | ||
school year calendar; | ||
(3) the entity that developed the course; | ||
(4) the entity that provided the course; | ||
(5) the course completion rate; | ||
(6) aggregate student performance on an assessment | ||
instrument administered under Section 39.023 to students enrolled | ||
in the course; | ||
(7) aggregate student performance on all assessment | ||
instruments administered under Section 39.023 to students who | ||
completed the course provider's courses; and | ||
(8) other information determined by the commissioner. | ||
Sec. 30B.113 [ |
||
commissioner by rule shall adopt procedures for reporting and | ||
verifying the attendance of a student enrolled in an electronic | ||
course provided through the statewide course catalog [ |
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25.085, 25.086, and 25.087 for a student enrolled in an electronic | ||
course but must require participation in an educational program | ||
equivalent to the requirements prescribed by those sections. | ||
Sec. 30B.114 [ |
||
REQUIREMENTS. (a) Chapter 39 applies to an electronic course | ||
offered through the statewide course catalog [ |
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course offered by a school district or open-enrollment charter | ||
school. | ||
(b) The performance of a student described by Section | ||
30B.111(c) shall be considered for purposes of accountability for a | ||
school district or open-enrollment charter school if the student | ||
takes more than three statewide course catalog courses through the | ||
school district or open-enrollment charter school in a school year. | ||
(c) Each student enrolled under this chapter in an | ||
electronic course offered through the statewide course catalog | ||
[ |
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under Section 39.023 that is administered to students who are | ||
provided instruction in the course material in the traditional | ||
classroom setting. The administration of the assessment instrument | ||
to the student enrolled in the electronic course must be supervised | ||
by a proctor. | ||
(d) [ |
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school shall report to the commissioner through the Public | ||
Education Information Management System (PEIMS) the results of | ||
assessment instruments administered to students enrolled in an | ||
electronic course offered through the statewide course catalog | ||
[ |
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assessment instruments administered to other students. | ||
Sec. 30B.115 [ |
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QUALIFICATIONS. (a) Each teacher of an electronic course offered | ||
by a school district or open-enrollment charter school through the | ||
statewide course catalog [ |
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(1) be certified under Subchapter B, Chapter 21, to | ||
teach that course and grade level; and | ||
(2) successfully complete the appropriate | ||
professional development course provided under Section 30B.116(a) | ||
[ |
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course offered through the state virtual school network. | ||
(b) The commissioner by rule shall establish procedures for | ||
verifying successful completion by a teacher of the appropriate | ||
professional development course required by Subsection (a)(2). | ||
(c) The commissioner by rule shall establish qualifications | ||
and professional development requirements applicable to college | ||
instructors providing instruction in dual credit courses through | ||
the statewide course catalog [ |
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allow a student to earn high school credit and college credit or | ||
other credit. | ||
SECTION 26. Section 30A.112, Education Code, is transferred | ||
to Subchapter C, Chapter 30B, Education Code, as added by this Act, | ||
and redesignated as Section 30B.116, Education Code, to read as | ||
follows: | ||
Sec. 30B.116 [ |
||
DEVELOPMENT. (a) The state virtual school network shall provide or | ||
authorize providers of electronic professional development courses | ||
or programs to provide professional development for teachers who | ||
are teaching electronic courses through the network. | ||
(b) The state virtual school network may provide or | ||
authorize providers of electronic professional development courses | ||
to provide professional development for: | ||
(1) teachers who are teaching subjects or grade levels | ||
for which the teachers are not certified; or | ||
(2) teachers who must become qualified under the | ||
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C. Section 1400 | ||
et seq.). | ||
SECTION 27. Sections 30A.1121, 30A.113, 30A.114, and | ||
30A.115, Education Code, are transferred to Subchapter C, Chapter | ||
30B, Education Code, as added by this Act, redesignated as Sections | ||
30B.117, 30B.118, 30B.119, and 30B.120, Education Code, and amended | ||
to read as follows: | ||
Sec. 30B.117 [ |
||
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT. (a) Subject to Subsection (b), a course | ||
provider may provide professional development courses to teachers | ||
seeking to become authorized to teach electronic courses provided | ||
through the statewide course catalog [ |
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course that is approved under Subsection (b) to any interested | ||
teacher, regardless of the teacher's employer. | ||
(b) The agency shall review each professional development | ||
course sought to be provided by a course provider under Subsection | ||
(a) to determine if the course meets the quality standards | ||
established under Section 30B.118 [ |
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those standards, the course provider may provide the course for | ||
purposes of enabling a teacher to comply with Section 30B.115(a)(2) | ||
[ |
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Sec. 30B.118 [ |
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PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT COURSES. The commissioner by rule shall | ||
establish objective standard criteria for quality of an electronic | ||
professional development course provided under Section 30B.116 | ||
[ |
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Sec. 30B.119 [ |
||
CENTERS. The commissioner by rule shall allow regional education | ||
service centers to participate in the statewide course catalog | ||
[ |
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providers. | ||
Sec. 30B.120 [ |
||
commissioner by rule may establish procedures for providing | ||
additional resources, such as an online library, to students and | ||
educators served through the statewide course catalog [ |
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the additional resources only if the commissioner receives an | ||
appropriation, gift, or grant sufficient to pay the costs of | ||
providing those resources. | ||
SECTION 28. Section 30A.151, Education Code, is transferred | ||
to Subchapter C, Chapter 30B, Education Code, as added by this Act, | ||
redesignated as Section 30B.121, Education Code, and amended to | ||
read as follows: | ||
Sec. 30B.121 [ |
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Except as authorized by Sections 30B.007, 30B.107, [ |
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the state virtual school network. | ||
(b) Except as provided by Section 30B.107, the [ |
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operating costs of the state virtual school network may not be | ||
charged to a school district or open-enrollment charter school. | ||
(c) The costs of providing electronic professional | ||
development courses may be paid by state funds appropriated by the | ||
legislature or federal funds that may be used for that purpose. | ||
(d) [ |
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virtual school network may not be used in a manner that violates | ||
Section 7, Article I, Texas Constitution. | ||
[ |
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[ |
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SECTION 29. Section 30A.153, Education Code, is transferred | ||
to Subchapter C, Chapter 30B, Education Code, as added by this Act, | ||
redesignated as Section 30B.122, Education Code, and amended to | ||
read as follows: | ||
Sec. 30B.122 [ |
||
(a) A [ |
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school district or open-enrollment charter school in which a | ||
student is enrolled is entitled to funding under Chapter 42 or in | ||
accordance with the terms of a charter granted under Section 12.101 | ||
for the student's enrollment in an electronic course offered | ||
through the statewide course catalog [ |
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in the same manner that the district or school is entitled to | ||
funding for the student's enrollment in courses provided in a | ||
traditional classroom setting, provided that the student | ||
successfully completes the electronic course. | ||
(b) For purposes of funding to a school district or | ||
open-enrollment charter school that provides access to an | ||
electronic course provided to a student described by Section | ||
30B.111(c) who would be entitled to the benefits of the Foundation | ||
School Program under Section 42.003 if enrolled in a school | ||
district, the agency shall aggregate up to three courses offered | ||
during the year to such students at the district or school and | ||
divide by five to establish the number of possible students in | ||
average daily attendance, rounding up to the half-day average daily | ||
attendance. | ||
[ |
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(c) [ |
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costs, payment of funds, and other matters relating to a student's | ||
enrollment in an electronic course offered through the statewide | ||
course catalog [ |
||
not require a school district or open-enrollment charter school to | ||
pay the provider the full amount until the student has successfully | ||
completed the electronic course[ |
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(d) [ |
||
school shall use the standard agreement adopted under Subsection | ||
(c) [ |
||
(1) the district or school requests from the | ||
commissioner permission to modify the standard agreement; and | ||
(2) the commissioner authorizes the modification. | ||
(e) [ |
||
implement this section, including rules regarding attendance | ||
accounting. | ||
SECTION 30. Section 30A.155, Education Code, is transferred | ||
to Subchapter C, Chapter 30B, Education Code, as added by this Act, | ||
redesignated as Section 30B.123, Education Code, and amended to | ||
read as follows: | ||
Sec. 30B.123 [ |
||
open-enrollment charter school may charge a fee for enrollment in | ||
an electronic course provided through the statewide course catalog | ||
[ |
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state and[ |
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[ |
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open-enrollment charter school as a full-time student with a course | ||
load greater than that normally taken by students in the equivalent | ||
grade level in other school districts or open-enrollment charter | ||
schools[ |
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[ |
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(b) [ |
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school may charge a fee for enrollment in an electronic course | ||
provided through the statewide course catalog [ |
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(c) [ |
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school shall charge a fee for enrollment in an electronic course | ||
provided through the statewide course catalog [ |
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30B.002(1) [ |
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(d) [ |
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Subsection (a), [ |
||
in which the student enrolls through the statewide course catalog | ||
[ |
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(1) the cost of providing the course; or | ||
(2) an amount set by the commissioner [ |
||
(e) [ |
||
school that is not the course provider may charge a student enrolled | ||
in the district or school a nominal fee, not to exceed the amount | ||
specified by the commissioner, if the student enrolls in an | ||
electronic course provided through the statewide course catalog | ||
[ |
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normally taken by students in the equivalent grade level. A | ||
juvenile probation department or state agency may charge a | ||
comparable fee to a student under the supervision of the department | ||
or agency. | ||
(f) [ |
||
virtual school network may not charge a fee to students for | ||
electronic courses provided through the statewide course catalog | ||
[ |
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[ |
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SECTION 31. Chapter 30B, Education Code, as added by this | ||
Act, is amended by adding Subchapter D to read as follows: | ||
SUBCHAPTER D. FULL-TIME VIRTUAL SCHOOL | ||
Sec. 30B.201. ELIGIBILITY TO OPERATE FULL-TIME VIRTUAL | ||
SCHOOL. (a) The commissioner may establish criteria and authorize | ||
the operation of a full-time virtual school under this chapter. | ||
(b) A school district or open-enrollment charter school is | ||
eligible to operate as a full-time virtual school under this | ||
chapter only if the district or school receives an overall | ||
performance rating of C or higher under Section 39.054. | ||
(c) A public or private institution of higher education, | ||
nonprofit entity, or private entity or corporation is eligible to | ||
operate a full-time virtual school under this chapter only if the | ||
institution, entity, or corporation: | ||
(1) complies with all applicable federal and state | ||
laws prohibiting discrimination; | ||
(2) demonstrates financial solvency; | ||
(3) provides evidence of prior successful experience | ||
offering online courses to middle or high school students, with | ||
demonstrated student success in course completion and performance, | ||
as determined by the commissioner; | ||
(4) has either: | ||
(A) a charter granted under Subchapter D or E, | ||
Chapter 12, authorized to provide a full-time virtual school if the | ||
entity is a public or private institution of higher education or a | ||
nonprofit entity; or | ||
(B) a charter granted under Subchapter D, Chapter | ||
12, authorized to provide a full-time virtual school if the entity | ||
is a private entity or corporation; and | ||
(5) has not been subject to contract revocation under | ||
Section 30B.210. | ||
Sec. 30B.202. FULL-TIME VIRTUAL SCHOOL LIST. (a) The | ||
administering authority shall: | ||
(1) create a list of full-time virtual schools | ||
authorized by the administering authority; | ||
(2) publish in a prominent location on the state | ||
virtual school network's Internet website a list of and contact | ||
information for all authorized full-time virtual schools; | ||
(3) provide access to the accountability ratings of | ||
each full-time virtual school; and | ||
(4) include any other information the commissioner | ||
determines necessary to inform student choice. | ||
(b) The administering authority shall provide students who | ||
have completed or withdrawn from a full-time virtual school and | ||
their parents with a method for providing comments regarding the | ||
school. The comment method must include a quantitative rating | ||
system and a list of verbal descriptors that a student or parent may | ||
select as appropriate. | ||
(c) The administering authority shall provide public access | ||
to the comments submitted by students and parents under this | ||
section. | ||
Sec. 30B.203. INDUCEMENTS FOR ENROLLMENT PROHIBITED. (a) | ||
A full-time virtual school may not promise or provide equipment or | ||
any other thing of value to a student or a student's parent as an | ||
inducement for the student to enroll in the full-time virtual | ||
school. | ||
(b) The commissioner shall revoke approval of a full-time | ||
virtual school that violates this section. | ||
(c) The commissioner's action under this section is final | ||
and may not be appealed. | ||
Sec. 30B.204. COMPULSORY ATTENDANCE. The commissioner by | ||
rule shall adopt procedures for reporting and verifying the | ||
attendance of a student enrolled in a full-time virtual school. The | ||
rules may modify the application of Sections 25.085, 25.086, and | ||
25.087 for a student enrolled in a full-time virtual school but must | ||
require participation in an educational program equivalent to the | ||
requirements prescribed by those sections. | ||
Sec. 30B.205. APPLICABILITY OF ACCOUNTABILITY | ||
REQUIREMENTS. (a) Chapter 39 applies to a full-time virtual school | ||
in the same manner that the chapter applies to a school district or | ||
open-enrollment charter school. | ||
(b) Each student enrolled in a full-time virtual school must | ||
take each assessment instrument under Section 39.023 that is | ||
administered to students who are provided instruction in the course | ||
material in the traditional classroom setting. The administration | ||
of the assessment instrument to the student enrolled in the | ||
full-time virtual school must be supervised by a proctor. | ||
Sec. 30B.206. TEACHER AND INSTRUCTOR QUALIFICATIONS. (a) | ||
Each teacher at a full-time virtual school must: | ||
(1) be certified under Subchapter B, Chapter 21, to | ||
teach that course and grade level; and | ||
(2) successfully complete the appropriate | ||
professional development course provided under Section 30B.116(a) | ||
or 30B.117 before teaching at a full-time virtual school. | ||
(b) The commissioner by rule shall establish procedures for | ||
verifying successful completion by a teacher of the appropriate | ||
professional development course required by Subsection (a)(2). | ||
(c) The commissioner by rule shall establish qualifications | ||
and professional development requirements applicable to college | ||
instructors providing instruction in dual credit courses through a | ||
full-time virtual school that allow a student to earn high school | ||
credit and college credit or other credit. | ||
Sec. 30B.207. FUNDING. (a) A full-time virtual school in | ||
which a student described by Section 30B.002(1) is enrolled is | ||
entitled to funding under Chapter 42 or in accordance with the terms | ||
of a charter granted under Section 12.101 for the student's | ||
enrollment in electronic courses in a full-time virtual school in | ||
the same manner that the district or school is entitled to funding | ||
for the student's enrollment in courses provided in a traditional | ||
classroom setting, provided that the student successfully | ||
completes the electronic course. | ||
(b) A full-time virtual school may charge a fee for a | ||
student who does not qualify under Section 30B.002(1). | ||
Sec. 30B.208. ORIENTATION COURSE. Each full-time virtual | ||
school shall offer a student orientation course and notify each | ||
student of the opportunity to participate in the orientation | ||
course. The agency shall provide guidance regarding the development | ||
and delivery of an orientation course. | ||
Sec. 30B.209. PARENT-TEACHER CONFERENCE. (a) Each | ||
full-time virtual school, on a periodic basis throughout each | ||
school year, shall communicate with each parent of or person | ||
standing in parental relation to an enrolled student regarding the | ||
performance and progress of the student. The school shall: | ||
(1) provide opportunities for parent-teacher | ||
conferences; | ||
(2) document any requests for parent-teacher | ||
conferences; and | ||
(3) permit students to participate in the | ||
parent-teacher conferences. | ||
(b) Parent-teacher conferences may be conducted in person | ||
or through electronic means. | ||
Sec. 30B.210. CONTRACTING FOR FULL-TIME VIRTUAL SCHOOL | ||
SERVICES. (a) A school district or open-enrollment charter school | ||
that contracts with an entity to operate a full-time virtual school | ||
for the district or school shall report to the agency the identity | ||
of the contracted entity each year the contracted entity operates | ||
the full-time virtual school. | ||
(b) A school district or open-enrollment charter school | ||
shall revoke a contract with an entity to operate a full-time | ||
virtual school for the district or school if the accountability | ||
rating for its full-time virtual school campus has three years of | ||
consecutive overall ratings of D or F under Section 39.054. A | ||
school district or open-enrollment charter school shall include a | ||
contract revocation provision in each contract entered into with an | ||
entity to operate a full-time virtual school for the district or | ||
school under this section. | ||
(c) The agency shall notify a district or school that the | ||
district or school is subject to Subsection (b) if its full-time | ||
virtual school campus has three years of consecutive overall | ||
ratings of D or F under Section 39.054. Failure to receive notice | ||
under this subsection does not affect the requirement imposed on | ||
the district or school under Subsection (b). | ||
(d) A school district or open-enrollment charter school may | ||
not contract with an entity to operate a full-time virtual school | ||
for the district or school if the contracted entity operated a | ||
full-time virtual school for a district or school and the | ||
contracting entity was subject to a contract revocation under | ||
Subsection (b) within the preceding 10 years. | ||
(e) The agency shall include a list of entities subject to a | ||
contract revocation under Subsection (b) on the state virtual | ||
school network Internet website. | ||
(f) An entity under this section includes a corporate | ||
affiliate or an entity that is substantially related to the entity. | ||
(g) The commissioner may adopt rules to implement this | ||
section. | ||
SECTION 32. Section 33.009(d), Education Code, is amended | ||
to read as follows: | ||
(d) An academy developed under this section must provide | ||
counselors and other postsecondary advisors with knowledge and | ||
skills to provide counseling to students regarding postsecondary | ||
success and productive career planning and must include information | ||
relating to: | ||
(1) each endorsement described by Section | ||
28.025(c-1), including: | ||
(A) the course requirements for each | ||
endorsement; and | ||
(B) the postsecondary educational and career | ||
opportunities associated with each endorsement; | ||
(2) available methods for a student to earn credit for | ||
a course not offered at the school in which the student is enrolled, | ||
including enrollment in an electronic course provided through the | ||
state virtual school network under Chapter 30B [ |
||
(3) general academic performance requirements for | ||
admission to an institution of higher education, including the | ||
requirements for automatic admission to a general academic teaching | ||
institution under Section 51.803; | ||
(4) regional workforce needs, including information | ||
about the required education and the average wage or salary for | ||
careers that meet those workforce needs; and | ||
(5) effective strategies for engaging students and | ||
parents in planning for postsecondary education and potential | ||
careers, including participation in mentorships and business | ||
partnerships. | ||
SECTION 33. Section 42.152(b-1), Education Code, is amended | ||
to read as follows: | ||
(b-1) A student receiving a full-time virtual education | ||
[ |
||
determining the number of educationally disadvantaged students | ||
under Subsection (b) if the school district or full-time virtual | ||
school submits to the commissioner a plan detailing the enhanced | ||
services that will be provided to the student and the commissioner | ||
approves the plan. | ||
SECTION 34. The following provisions of the Education Code | ||
are repealed: | ||
(1) Section 30A.006; | ||
(2) Section 30A.053; | ||
(3) Section 30A.055; | ||
(4) Section 30A.056; | ||
(5) Section 30A.1042; and | ||
(6) Section 30A.152. | ||
SECTION 35. This Act applies beginning with the 2019-2020 | ||
school year. | ||
SECTION 36. This Act takes effect immediately if it | ||
receives a vote of two-thirds of all the members elected to each | ||
house, as provided by Section 39, Article III, Texas Constitution. | ||
If this Act does not receive the vote necessary for immediate | ||
effect, this Act takes effect September 1, 2019. |